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authorIndrajith K L2022-12-03 17:00:20 +0530
committerIndrajith K L2022-12-03 17:00:20 +0530
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+DD(1) User Commands DD(1)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+ dd - convert and copy a file
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ dd [OPERAND]...
+ dd OPTION
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the
+ operands.
+
+ bs=BYTES
+ force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES
+
+ cbs=BYTES
+ convert BYTES bytes at a time
+
+ conv=CONVS
+ convert the file as per the comma separated sym-
+ bol list
+
+ count=BLOCKS
+ copy only BLOCKS input blocks
+
+ ibs=BYTES
+ read BYTES bytes at a time
+
+ if=FILE
+ read from FILE instead of stdin
+
+ iflag=FLAGS
+ read as per the comma separated symbol list
+
+ obs=BYTES
+ write BYTES bytes at a time
+
+ of=FILE
+ write to FILE instead of stdout
+
+ oflag=FLAGS
+ write as per the comma separated symbol list
+
+ seek=BLOCKS
+ skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
+
+ skip=BLOCKS
+ skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
+
+ status=noxfer
+ suppress transfer statistics
+
+ BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multi-
+ plicative suffixes: xM M, c 1, w 2, b 512, kB 1000, K
+ 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G
+ 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
+
+ Each CONV symbol may be:
+
+ ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII
+
+ ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC
+
+ ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC
+
+ block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to
+ cbs-size
+
+ unblock
+ replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with
+ newline
+
+ lcase change upper case to lower case
+
+ nocreat
+ do not create the output file
+
+ excl fail if the output file already exists
+
+ notrunc
+ do not truncate the output file
+
+ ucase change lower case to upper case
+
+ swab swap every pair of input bytes
+
+ noerror
+ continue after read errors
+
+ sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when
+ used
+
+ with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather
+ than NULs
+
+ fdatasync physically write output file data
+ before finishing fsync likewise, but also
+ write metadata
+
+ Each FLAG symbol may be:
+
+ append append mode (makes sense only for output)
+
+ direct use direct I/O for data
+
+ dsync use synchronized I/O for data
+
+ sync likewise, but also for metadata
+
+ nonblock
+ use non-blocking I/O
+
+ nofollow
+ do not follow symlinks
+
+ noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file
+
+ Sending a SIGUSR1 signal to a running `dd' process makes
+ it print I/O statistics to standard error, then to
+ resume copying.
+
+ $ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!
+ $ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid
+
+ 18335302+0 records in 18335302+0 records out
+ 9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 sec-
+ onds, 271 MB/s
+
+ Options are:
+
+ --help display this help and exit
+
+ --version
+ output version information and exit
+
+AUTHOR
+ Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp.
+
+REPORTING BUGS
+ Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
+
+COPYRIGHT
+ Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ This is free software; see the source for copying condi-
+ tions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABIL-
+ ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+SEE ALSO
+ The full documentation for dd is maintained as a Texinfo
+ manual. If the info and dd programs are properly
+ installed at your site, the command
+
+ info dd
+
+ should give you access to the complete manual.
+
+
+
+dd (coreutils) 5.3.0 November 2004 DD(1)