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+SED(1)                   User Commands                   SED(1)
+
+
+
+NAME
+       sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       sed.exe   [OPTION]...   {script-only-if-no-other-script}
+       [input-file]...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       Sed is a stream editor.  A stream editor is used to per-
+       form  basic  text  transformations on an input stream (a
+       file or input from a pipeline).  While in some ways sim-
+       ilar  to an editor which permits scripted edits (such as
+       ed),  sed  works  by  making  only  one  pass  over  the
+       input(s), and is consequently more efficient.  But it is
+       sed's ability to filter text in a pipeline which partic-
+       ularly distinguishes it from other types of editors.
+
+       -n, --quiet, --silent
+
+              suppress automatic printing of pattern space
+
+       -e script, --expression=script
+
+              add the script to the commands to be executed
+
+       -f script-file, --file=script-file
+
+              add  the  contents of script-file to the commands
+              to be executed
+
+       -i[SUFFIX], --in-place[=SUFFIX]
+
+              edit files in place (makes  backup  if  extension
+              supplied)
+
+       -b, --binary
+
+              open  files  in  binary mode (CR+LFs are not pro-
+              cessed specially)
+
+       -c, --copy
+
+              use copy instead of rename when  shuffling  files
+              in  -i  mode  (avoids change of input file owner-
+              ship)
+
+       -l N, --line-length=N
+
+              specify the desired line-wrap length for the  `l'
+              command
+
+       --posix
+
+              disable all GNU extensions.
+
+       -r, --regexp-extended
+
+              use extended regular expressions in the script.
+
+       -s, --separate
+
+              consider  files as separate rather than as a sin-
+              gle continuous long stream.
+
+       -u, --unbuffered
+
+              load minimal amounts of data from the input files
+              and flush the output buffers more often
+
+       --help
+              display this help and exit
+
+       --version
+              output version information and exit
+
+       If  no  -e, --expression, -f, or --file option is given,
+       then the first non-option argument is taken as  the  sed
+       script  to interpret.  All remaining arguments are names
+       of input files; if no input files  are  specified,  then
+       the standard input is read.
+
+       GNU  sed  home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>.
+       General       help       using       GNU       software:
+       <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>.   E-mail  bug reports to:
+       <bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org>.  Be sure to  include  the  word
+       ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field.
+
+COMMAND SYNOPSIS
+       This  is  just a brief synopsis of sed commands to serve
+       as a reminder to those who already know sed; other docu-
+       mentation  (such  as  the texinfo document) must be con-
+       sulted for fuller descriptions.
+
+   Zero-address ``commands''
+       : label
+              Label for b and t commands.
+
+       #comment
+              The comment extends until the  next  newline  (or
+              the end of a -e script fragment).
+
+       }      The closing bracket of a { } block.
+
+   Zero- or One- address commands
+       =      Print the current line number.
+
+       a \
+
+       text   Append text, which has each embedded newline pre-
+              ceded by a backslash.
+
+       i \
+
+       text   Insert text, which has each embedded newline pre-
+              ceded by a backslash.
+
+       q [exit-code]
+              Immediately  quit the sed script without process-
+              ing any more input, except that if auto-print  is
+              not  disabled  the  current pattern space will be
+              printed.  The exit code argument is a GNU  exten-
+              sion.
+
+       Q [exit-code]
+              Immediately  quit the sed script without process-
+              ing any more input.  This is a GNU extension.
+
+       r filename
+              Append text read from filename.
+
+       R filename
+              Append a line read from filename.   Each  invoca-
+              tion  of  the command reads a line from the file.
+              This is a GNU extension.
+
+   Commands which accept address ranges
+       {      Begin a block of commands (end with a }).
+
+       b label
+              Branch to label; if label is omitted,  branch  to
+              end of script.
+
+       t label
+              If  a  s///  has  done  a successful substitution
+              since the last input line was read and since  the
+              last  t  or  T  command, then branch to label; if
+              label is omitted, branch to end of script.
+
+       T label
+              If no s/// has  done  a  successful  substitution
+              since  the last input line was read and since the
+              last t or T command, then  branch  to  label;  if
+              label  is omitted, branch to end of script.  This
+              is a GNU extension.
+
+       c \
+
+       text   Replace the selected lines with text,  which  has
+              each embedded newline preceded by a backslash.
+
+       d      Delete pattern space.  Start next cycle.
+
+       D      Delete  up  to  the first embedded newline in the
+              pattern space.  Start next cycle, but skip  read-
+              ing  from the input if there is still data in the
+              pattern space.
+
+       h H    Copy/append pattern space to hold space.
+
+       g G    Copy/append hold space to pattern space.
+
+       x      Exchange the contents of  the  hold  and  pattern
+              spaces.
+
+       l      List  out  the current line in a ``visually unam-
+              biguous'' form.
+
+       l width
+              List out the current line in a  ``visually  unam-
+              biguous''  form, breaking it at width characters.
+              This is a GNU extension.
+
+       n N    Read/append the next line of input into the  pat-
+              tern space.
+
+       p      Print the current pattern space.
+
+       P      Print  up  to  the  first embedded newline of the
+              current pattern space.
+
+       s/regexp/replacement/
+              Attempt  to  match  regexp  against  the  pattern
+              space.    If  successful,  replace  that  portion
+              matched with replacement.   The  replacement  may
+              contain  the special character & to refer to that
+              portion of the pattern space which  matched,  and
+              the special escapes \1 through \9 to refer to the
+              corresponding  matching  sub-expressions  in  the
+              regexp.
+
+       w filename
+              Write the current pattern space to filename.
+
+       W filename
+              Write the first line of the current pattern space
+              to filename.  This is a GNU extension.
+
+       y/source/dest/
+              Transliterate the characters in the pattern space
+              which appear in source to the corresponding char-
+              acter in dest.
+
+Addresses
+       Sed commands can be given with no  addresses,  in  which
+       case  the  command will be executed for all input lines;
+       with one address, in which case the command will only be
+       executed  for  input  lines which match that address; or
+       with two addresses, in which case the  command  will  be
+       executed  for  all input lines which match the inclusive
+       range of lines starting from the first address and  con-
+       tinuing  to  the  second  address.  Three things to note
+       about address ranges: the syntax is  addr1,addr2  (i.e.,
+       the  addresses are separated by a comma); the line which
+       addr1 matched will always be  accepted,  even  if  addr2
+       selects  an  earlier  line; and if addr2 is a regexp, it
+       will not be tested against the line that addr1 matched.
+
+       After the address (or  address-range),  and  before  the
+       command,  a !  may be inserted, which specifies that the
+       command shall  only  be  executed  if  the  address  (or
+       address-range) does not match.
+
+       The following address types are supported:
+
+       number Match only the specified line number.
+
+       first~step
+              Match  every  step'th  line  starting  with  line
+              first.  For example, ``sed -n 1~2p''  will  print
+              all  the  odd-numbered lines in the input stream,
+              and the address 2~5 will match every fifth  line,
+              starting  with the second.  first can be zero; in
+              this case, sed operates as if it  were  equal  to
+              step.  (This is an extension.)
+
+       $      Match the last line.
+
+       /regexp/
+              Match  lines matching the regular expression reg-
+              exp.
+
+       \cregexpc
+              Match lines matching the regular expression  reg-
+              exp.  The c may be any character.
+
+       GNU sed also supports some special 2-address forms:
+
+       0,addr2
+              Start out in "matched first address" state, until
+              addr2 is found.   This  is  similar  to  1,addr2,
+              except  that if addr2 matches the very first line
+              of input the 0,addr2 form will be at the  end  of
+              its range, whereas the 1,addr2 form will still be
+              at the beginning of its range.  This  works  only
+              when addr2 is a regular expression.
+
+       addr1,+N
+              Will match addr1 and the N lines following addr1.
+
+       addr1,~N
+              Will  match  addr1  and the lines following addr1
+              until the next line whose input line number is  a
+              multiple of N.
+
+REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
+       POSIX.2  BREs  should be supported, but they aren't com-
+       pletely  because  of  performance  problems.    The   \n
+       sequence  in  a  regular  expression matches the newline
+       character,  and  similarly  for  \a,   \t,   and   other
+       sequences.
+
+BUGS
+       E-mail  bug  reports  to  bonzini@gnu.org.   Be  sure to
+       include the word ``sed'' somewhere in  the  ``Subject:''
+       field.   Also, please include the output of ``sed --ver-
+       sion'' in the body of your report if at all possible.
+
+COPYRIGHT
+       Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+       This is free software; see the source for copying condi-
+       tions.  There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABIL-
+       ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, to  the  extent
+       permitted by law.
+
+       GNU  sed  home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/sed/>.
+       General       help       using       GNU       software:
+       <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>.   E-mail  bug reports to:
+       <bug-gnu-utils@gnu.org>.  Be sure to  include  the  word
+       ``sed'' somewhere in the ``Subject:'' field.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       awk(1),  ed(1), grep(1), tr(1), perlre(1), sed.info, any
+       of various books on sed, the sed FAQ
+       (http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/tutorials/sedfaq.txt),
+       http://sed.sf.net/grabbag/.
+
+       The full documentation for sed is maintained as a Tex-
+       info manual.  If the info and sed programs are properly
+       installed at your site, the command
+
+              info sed
+
+       should give you access to the complete manual.
+
+
+
+sed version 4.2.1          June 2009                     SED(1)