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+cut(P)                                                   cut(P)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+       cut - cut out selected fields of each line of a file
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       cut -b list [-n] [file ...]
+
+       cut -c list [file ...]
+
+       cut -f list [-d delim][-s][file ...]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       The  cut utility shall cut out bytes ( -b option), char-
+       acters ( -c option), or character-delimited fields (  -f
+       option) from each line in one or more files, concatenate
+       them, and write them to standard output.
+
+OPTIONS
+       The cut utility shall conform to  the  Base  Definitions
+       volume  of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section 12.2, Utility
+       Syntax Guidelines.
+
+       The application shall ensure  that  the  option-argument
+       list (see options -b, -c, and -f below) is a comma-sepa-
+       rated list or <blank>-separated list of positive numbers
+       and  ranges.  Ranges can be in three forms. The first is
+       two positive numbers separated by a hyphen ( low- high),
+       which represents all fields from the first number to the
+       second number. The second is a positive number  preceded
+       by  a  hyphen (- high), which represents all fields from
+       field number 1 to that number. The third is  a  positive
+       number  followed  by  a hyphen ( low-), which represents
+       that number to the last field, inclusive.  The  elements
+       in  list can be repeated, can overlap, and can be speci-
+       fied in any order, but the bytes, characters, or  fields
+       selected  shall  be  written  in  the order of the input
+       data.  If an element appears in the selection list  more
+       than once, it shall be written exactly once.
+
+       The following options shall be supported:
+
+       -b  list
+              Cut  based on a list of bytes. Each selected byte
+              shall be output unless  the  -n  option  is  also
+              specified.  It  shall  not  be an error to select
+              bytes not present in the input line.
+
+       -c  list
+              Cut based on a list of characters. Each  selected
+              character  shall  be  output.  It shall not be an
+              error to select characters  not  present  in  the
+              input line.
+
+       -d  delim
+              Set  the  field delimiter to the character delim.
+              The default is the <tab>.
+
+       -f  list
+              Cut based on a list of fields, assumed to be sep-
+              arated  in the file by a delimiter character (see
+              -d). Each selected field shall be output.  Output
+              fields  shall be separated by a single occurrence
+              of the field delimiter character. Lines  with  no
+              field  delimiters shall be passed through intact,
+              unless -s is specified. It shall not be an  error
+              to select fields not present in the input line.
+
+       -n     Do  not split characters. When specified with the
+              -b option, each element in list of the form  low-
+              high (hyphen-separated numbers) shall be modified
+              as follows:
+
+              If the byte selected by low is not the first byte
+              of  a  character,  low  shall  be  decremented to
+              select the first byte of the character originally
+              selected  by low. If the byte selected by high is
+              not the last byte of a character, high  shall  be
+              decremented  to select the last byte of the char-
+              acter prior to the character originally  selected
+              by  high, or zero if there is no prior character.
+              If the resulting range element has high equal  to
+              zero  or  low greater than high, the list element
+              shall be dropped from list for  that  input  line
+              without causing an error.
+
+       Each  element  in list of the form low- shall be treated
+       as above with high set to the number  of  bytes  in  the
+       current  line,  not including the terminating <newline>.
+       Each element in list of the form - high shall be treated
+       as  above with low set to 1. Each element in list of the
+       form num (a single number) shall  be  treated  as  above
+       with low set to num and high set to num.
+
+       -s     Suppress lines with no delimiter characters, when
+              used with the -f option. Unless specified,  lines
+              with   no  delimiters  shall  be  passed  through
+              untouched.
+
+
+OPERANDS
+       The following operand shall be supported:
+
+       file   A pathname of an input file. If no file  operands
+              are  specified, or if a file operand is '-' , the
+              standard input shall be used.
+
+
+STDIN
+       The standard input shall be used only if no  file  oper-
+       ands  are  specified, or if a file operand is '-' .  See
+       the INPUT FILES section.
+
+INPUT FILES
+       The input files shall be text files,  except  that  line
+       lengths shall be unlimited.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+       The  following  environment  variables  shall affect the
+       execution of cut:
+
+       LANG   Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
+              tion  variables  that are unset or null. (See the
+              Base Definitions volume of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+              Section  8.2,  Internationalization Variables for
+              the precedence of internationalization  variables
+              used  to  determine  the  values  of locale cate-
+              gories.)
+
+       LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override  the
+              values  of  all  the  other  internationalization
+              variables.
+
+       LC_CTYPE
+              Determine the locale for  the  interpretation  of
+              sequences  of  bytes  of  text data as characters
+              (for example, single-byte as  opposed  to  multi-
+              byte characters in arguments and input files).
+
+       LC_MESSAGES
+              Determine  the  locale  that  should  be  used to
+              affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
+              sages written to standard error.
+
+       NLSPATH
+              Determine  the  location  of message catalogs for
+              the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
+
+
+ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+       Default.
+
+STDOUT
+       The cut utility output shall be a concatenation  of  the
+       selected  bytes,  characters, or fields (one of the fol-
+       lowing):
+
+
+              "%s\n", <concatenation of bytes>
+
+
+              "%s\n", <concatenation of characters>
+
+
+              "%s\n", <concatenation of fields and field delimiters>
+
+STDERR
+       The standard error shall be  used  only  for  diagnostic
+       messages.
+
+OUTPUT FILES
+       None.
+
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+       None.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+       The following exit values shall be returned:
+
+        0     All input files were output successfully.
+
+       >0     An error occurred.
+
+
+CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+       Default.
+
+       The following sections are informative.
+
+APPLICATION USAGE
+       Earlier  versions  of the cut utility worked in an envi-
+       ronment  where  bytes  and  characters  were  considered
+       equivalent  (modulo  <backspace> and <tab> processing in
+       some implementations).  In the extended world of  multi-
+       byte  characters,  the new -b option has been added. The
+       -n option (used with -b) allows it to be used to act  on
+       bytes  rounded  to  character  boundaries. The algorithm
+       specified for -n guarantees that:
+
+
+              cut -b 1-500 -n file > file1
+              cut -b 501- -n file > file2
+
+       ends up  with  all  the  characters  in  file  appearing
+       exactly  once  in  file1 or file2. (There is, however, a
+       <newline> in both file1 and file2 for each <newline>  in
+       file.)
+
+EXAMPLES
+       Examples of the option qualifier list:
+
+       1,4,7  Select  the  first,  fourth,  and  seventh bytes,
+              characters, or fields and field delimiters.
+
+       1-3,8  Equivalent to 1,2,3,8.
+
+       -5,10  Equivalent to 1,2,3,4,5,10.
+
+       3-     Equivalent to third to last, inclusive.
+
+
+       The low- high forms are not always equivalent when  used
+       with  -b  and  -n  and  multi-byte  characters;  see the
+       description of -n.
+
+       The following command:
+
+
+              cut -d : -f 1,6 /etc/passwd
+
+       reads the System V password  file  (user  database)  and
+       produces lines of the form:
+
+
+              <user ID>:<home directory>
+
+       Most  utilities  in  this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
+       work on text files. The cut utility can be used to  turn
+       files  with  arbitrary  line  lengths into a set of text
+       files containing the same data. The paste utility can be
+       used  to  create (or recreate) files with arbitrary line
+       lengths. For example, if file contains long lines:
+
+
+              cut -b 1-500 -n file > file1
+              cut -b 501- -n file > file2
+
+       creates file1 (a text file) with lines  no  longer  than
+       500  bytes  (plus the <newline>) and file2 that contains
+       the remainder of the data from file. (Note that file2 is
+       not  a  text  file  if  there are lines in file that are
+       longer than 500 + {LINE_MAX} bytes.) The  original  file
+       can be recreated from file1 and file2 using the command:
+
+
+              paste -d "\0" file1 file2 > file
+
+RATIONALE
+       Some   historical   implementations   do    not    count
+       <backspace>s in determining character counts with the -c
+       option. This may be useful for using cut for  processing
+       nroff  output.   It was deliberately decided not to have
+       the -c option treat either <backspace>s or <tab>s in any
+       special fashion. The fold utility does treat these char-
+       acters specially.
+
+       Unlike other utilities, some historical  implementations
+       of cut exit after not finding an input file, rather than
+       continuing to process the remaining file operands.  This
+       behavior    is    prohibited    by    this   volume   of
+       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, where  only  the  exit  status  is
+       affected by this problem.
+
+       The  behavior of cut when provided with either mutually-
+       exclusive options or options that do not work  logically
+       together has been deliberately left unspecified in favor
+       of global wording in Utility Description Defaults .
+
+       The OPTIONS section was changed in response to IEEE PASC
+       Interpretation  1003.2  #149. The change represents his-
+       torical practice on  all  known  systems.  The  original
+       standard was ambiguous on the nature of the output.
+
+       The  list  option-arguments  are  historically  used  to
+       select the portions of the line to be  written,  but  do
+       not affect the order of the data. For example:
+
+
+              echo abcdefghi | cut -c6,2,4-7,1
+
+       yields "abdefg" .
+
+       A proposal to enhance cut with the following option:
+
+       -o     Preserve  the  selected  field  order.  When this
+              option is specified,  each  byte,  character,  or
+              field (or ranges of such) shall be written in the
+              order specified by the list option-argument, even
+              if  this  requires  multiple  outputs of the same
+              bytes, characters, or fields.
+
+
+       was rejected because this type of enhancement is outside
+       the scope of the IEEE P1003.2b draft standard.
+
+FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+       None.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       grep , paste , Parameters and Variables
+
+COPYRIGHT
+       Portions  of  this  text are reprinted and reproduced in
+       electronic form from  IEEE  Std  1003.1,  2003  Edition,
+       Standard  for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
+       ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
+       fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
+       tute of Electrical and Electronics  Engineers,  Inc  and
+       The  Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
+       this version and the original IEEE and  The  Open  Group
+       Standard,  the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+       is the referee document. The original  Standard  can  be
+       obtained        online        at        http://www.open-
+       group.org/unix/online.html .
+
+
+
+POSIX                         2003                       cut(P)