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+date(P)                                                 date(P)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+       date - write the date and time
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       date [-u] [+format]
+
+
+
+       date [-u] mmddhhmm[[cc]yy]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       The  date utility shall write the date and time to stan-
+       dard output  or attempt to set the system date and time.
+       By  default, the current date and time shall be written.
+       If an operand beginning with '+' is specified, the  out-
+       put format of date shall be controlled by the conversion
+       specifications and other text in the operand.
+
+OPTIONS
+       The date utility shall conform to the  Base  Definitions
+       volume  of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section 12.2, Utility
+       Syntax Guidelines.
+
+       The following option shall be supported:
+
+       -u     Perform operations as if the TZ environment vari-
+              able was set to the string "UTC0" , or its equiv-
+              alent historical value  of  "GMT0"  .  Otherwise,
+              date  shall  use the timezone indicated by the TZ
+              environment variable or  the  system  default  if
+              that variable is unset or null.
+
+
+OPERANDS
+       The following operands shall be supported:
+
+       +format
+              When  the  format  is  specified, each conversion
+              specifier shall be replaced in the standard  out-
+              put  by its corresponding value.  All other char-
+              acters shall be  copied  to  the  output  without
+              change.   The  output  shall always be terminated
+              with a <newline>.
+
+
+   Conversion Specifications
+       %a     Locale's abbreviated weekday name.
+
+       %A     Locale's full weekday name.
+
+       %b     Locale's abbreviated month name.
+
+       %B     Locale's full month name.
+
+       %c     Locale's appropriate date  and  time  representa-
+              tion.
+
+       %C     Century  (a  year divided by 100 and truncated to
+              an integer) as a decimal number [00,99].
+
+       %d     Day of the month as a decimal number [01,31].
+
+       %D     Date in the format mm/dd/yy.
+
+       %e     Day of the month as a decimal number [1,31] in  a
+              two-digit  field  with  leading  space  character
+              fill.
+
+       %h     A synonym for %b .
+
+       %H     Hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
+
+       %I     Hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
+
+       %j     Day of the year as a decimal number [001,366].
+
+       %m     Month as a decimal number [01,12].
+
+       %M     Minute as a decimal number [00,59].
+
+       %n     A <newline>.
+
+       %p     Locale's equivalent of either AM or PM.
+
+       %r     12-hour clock time [01,12] using the AM/PM  nota-
+              tion;  in the POSIX locale, this shall be equiva-
+              lent to %I : %M : %S %p .
+
+       %S     Seconds as a decimal number [00,60].
+
+       %t     A <tab>.
+
+       %T     24-hour  clock  time  [00,23]   in   the   format
+              HH:MM:SS.
+
+       %u     Weekday as a decimal number [1,7] (1=Monday).
+
+       %U     Week  of the year (Sunday as the first day of the
+              week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in  a
+              new year preceding the first Sunday shall be con-
+              sidered to be in week 0.
+
+       %V     Week of the year (Monday as the first day of  the
+              week)  as  a  decimal number [01,53]. If the week
+              containing January 1 has four or more days in the
+              new  year,  then  it  shall be considered week 1;
+              otherwise, it shall be the last week of the  pre-
+              vious year, and the next week shall be week 1.
+
+       %w     Weekday as a decimal number [0,6] (0=Sunday).
+
+       %W     Week  of the year (Monday as the first day of the
+              week) as a decimal number [00,53]. All days in  a
+              new year preceding the first Monday shall be con-
+              sidered to be in week 0.
+
+       %x     Locale's appropriate date representation.
+
+       %X     Locale's appropriate time representation.
+
+       %y     Year within century [00,99].
+
+       %Y     Year with century as a decimal number.
+
+       %Z     Timezone name, or no characters if no timezone is
+              determinable.
+
+       %%     A percent sign character.
+
+
+       See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+       Section 7.3.5, LC_TIME for the conversion specifier val-
+       ues in the POSIX locale.
+
+   Modified Conversion Specifications
+       Some  conversion specifiers can be modified by the E and
+       O modifier characters to indicate a different format  or
+       specification   as   specified  in  the  LC_TIME  locale
+       description  (see  the  Base   Definitions   volume   of
+       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section  7.3.5,  LC_TIME). If the
+       corresponding keyword (see era, era_year, era_d_fmt, and
+       alt_digits   in   the   Base   Definitions   volume   of
+       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section  7.3.5,  LC_TIME)  is  not
+       specified  or  not supported for the current locale, the
+       unmodified conversion specifier value shall be used.
+
+       %Ec    Locale's alternative appropriate  date  and  time
+              representation.
+
+       %EC    The  name  of  the  base  year  (period)  in  the
+              locale's alternative representation.
+
+       %Ex    Locale's alternative date representation.
+
+       %EX    Locale's alternative time representation.
+
+       %Ey    Offset from  %EC  (year  only)  in  the  locale's
+              alternative representation.
+
+       %EY    Full alternative year representation.
+
+       %Od    Day  of  month  using  the  locale's  alternative
+              numeric symbols.
+
+       %Oe    Day  of  month  using  the  locale's  alternative
+              numeric symbols.
+
+       %OH    Hour  (24-hour clock) using the locale's alterna-
+              tive numeric symbols.
+
+       %OI    Hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's  alterna-
+              tive numeric symbols.
+
+       %Om    Month using the locale's alternative numeric sym-
+              bols.
+
+       %OM    Minutes using the  locale's  alternative  numeric
+              symbols.
+
+       %OS    Seconds  using  the  locale's alternative numeric
+              symbols.
+
+       %Ou    Weekday as a number in the  locale's  alternative
+              representation (Monday = 1).
+
+       %OU    Week  number of the year (Sunday as the first day
+              of  the  week)  using  the  locale's  alternative
+              numeric symbols.
+
+       %OV    Week  number of the year (Monday as the first day
+              of the week, rules corresponding to %V  ),  using
+              the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
+
+       %Ow    Weekday  as  a number in the locale's alternative
+              representation (Sunday = 0).
+
+       %OW    Week number of the year (Monday as the first  day
+              of  the  week)  using  the  locale's  alternative
+              numeric symbols.
+
+       %Oy    Year (offset from %C ) in alternative representa-
+              tion.
+
+
+
+       mmddhhmm[[cc]yy]
+
+              Attempt  to set the system date and time from the
+              value given in the operand. This is only possible
+              if  the  user  has appropriate privileges and the
+              system permits the setting of the system date and
+              time.  The  first mm is the month (number); dd is
+              the day (number); hh is the hour (number, 24-hour
+              system); the second mm is the minute (number); cc
+              is the century and is the first two digits of the
+              year  (this is optional); yy is the last two dig-
+              its of the year and is optional.  If  century  is
+              not  specified,  then values in the range [69,99]
+              shall refer to years 1969 to 1999 inclusive,  and
+              values  in the range [00,68] shall refer to years
+              2000 to 2068 inclusive. The current year  is  the
+              default if yy is omitted.
+
+       Note:  It  is  expected  that  in  a  future  version of
+              IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 the default century inferred
+              from  a  2-digit  year  will  change. (This would
+              apply to all commands accepting a 2-digit year as
+              input.)
+
+
+
+STDIN
+       Not used.
+
+INPUT FILES
+       None.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+       The  following  environment  variables  shall affect the
+       execution of date:
+
+       LANG   Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
+              tion  variables  that are unset or null. (See the
+              Base Definitions volume of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+              Section  8.2,  Internationalization Variables for
+              the precedence of internationalization  variables
+              used  to  determine  the  values  of locale cate-
+              gories.)
+
+       LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override  the
+              values  of  all  the  other  internationalization
+              variables.
+
+       LC_CTYPE
+              Determine the locale for  the  interpretation  of
+              sequences  of  bytes  of  text data as characters
+              (for example, single-byte as  opposed  to  multi-
+              byte characters in arguments).
+
+       LC_MESSAGES
+              Determine  the  locale  that  should  be  used to
+              affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
+              sages written to standard error.
+
+       LC_TIME
+              Determine  the  format  and  contents of date and
+              time strings written by date.
+
+       NLSPATH
+              Determine the location of  message  catalogs  for
+              the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
+
+       TZ     Determine the timezone in which the time and date
+              are written, unless the -u option  is  specified.
+              If the TZ variable is unset or null and -u is not
+              specified, an unspecified system default timezone
+              is used.
+
+
+ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+       Default.
+
+STDOUT
+       When  no  formatting operand is specified, the output in
+       the POSIX locale shall be equivalent to specifying:
+
+
+              date "+%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y"
+
+STDERR
+       The standard error shall be  used  only  for  diagnostic
+       messages.
+
+OUTPUT FILES
+       None.
+
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+       None.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+       The following exit values shall be returned:
+
+        0     The date was written successfully.
+
+       >0     An error occurred.
+
+
+CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+       Default.
+
+       The following sections are informative.
+
+APPLICATION USAGE
+       Conversion specifiers are of unspecified format when not
+       in the POSIX locale. Some of them can contain <newline>s
+       in  some locales, so it may be difficult to use the for-
+       mat shown in standard output for parsing the  output  of
+       date in those locales.
+
+       The  range of values for %S extends from 0 to 60 seconds
+       to accommodate the occasional leap second.
+
+       Although certain of the  conversion  specifiers  in  the
+       POSIX  locale  (such as the name of the month) are shown
+       with initial capital letters, this need not be the  case
+       in  other  locales. Programs using these fields may need
+       to adjust the capitalization if the output is  going  to
+       be used at the beginning of a sentence.
+
+       The date string formatting capabilities are intended for
+       use in Gregorian-style calendars, possibly with  a  dif-
+       ferent  starting  year (or years). The %x and %c conver-
+       sion specifications, however,  are  intended  for  local
+       representation;  these may be based on a different, non-
+       Gregorian calendar.
+
+       The %C conversion specification was introduced to  allow
+       a  fallback  for  the  %EC (alternative year format base
+       year); it can be viewed as the base of the current  sub-
+       division  in  the Gregorian calendar. The century number
+       is calculated as the year divided by 100  and  truncated
+       to an integer; it should not be confused with the use of
+       ordinal numbers for  centuries  (for  example,  "twenty-
+       first  century".) Both the %Ey and %y can then be viewed
+       as the offset from %EC and %C , respectively.
+
+       The E and O modifiers modify the traditional  conversion
+       specifiers, so that they can always be used, even if the
+       implementation (or the current locale) does not  support
+       the modifier.
+
+       The  E  modifier supports alternative date formats, such
+       as the Japanese Emperor's Era,  as  long  as  these  are
+       based  on the Gregorian calendar system. Extending the E
+       modifiers to other date elements may provide  an  imple-
+       mentation-defined  extension capable of supporting other
+       calendar systems, especially in combination with  the  O
+       modifier.
+
+       The  O modifier supports time and date formats using the
+       locale's alternative numerical symbols, such as Kanji or
+       Hindi digits or ordinal number representation.
+
+       Non-European  locales,  whether they use Latin digits in
+       computational items or not, often have  local  forms  of
+       the  digits for use in date formats. This is not totally
+       unknown even in Europe; a variant of  dates  uses  Roman
+       numerals for the months: the third day of September 1991
+       would be written as 3.IX.1991. In  Japan,  Kanji  digits
+       are  regularly  used for dates; in Arabic-speaking coun-
+       tries, Hindi digits are used. The %d , %e , %H , %I , %m
+       ,  %S  , %U , %w , %W , and %y conversion specifications
+       always return the date and time field  in  Latin  digits
+       (that  is,  0  to  9). The %O modifier was introduced to
+       support the use for display purposes of  non-Latin  dig-
+       its.  In the LC_TIME category in localedef, the optional
+       alt_digits keyword is intended for this purpose.  As  an
+       example,   assume   the  following  (partial)  localedef
+       source:
+
+
+              alt_digits  "";"I";"II";"III";"IV";"V";"VI";"VII";"VIII" \
+                          "IX";"X";"XI";"XII"
+              d_fmt       "%e.%Om.%Y"
+
+       With the above date, the command:
+
+
+              date "+%x"
+
+       would yield 3.IX.1991. With the same d_fmt, but  without
+       the alt_digits, the command would yield 3.9.1991.
+
+EXAMPLES
+       The  following are input/output examples of date used at
+       arbitrary times in the POSIX locale:
+
+
+              $ date
+              Tue Jun 26 09:58:10 PDT 1990
+
+
+              $ date "+DATE: %m/%d/%y%nTIME: %H:%M:%S"
+              DATE: 11/02/91
+              TIME: 13:36:16
+
+
+              $ date "+TIME: %r"
+              TIME: 01:36:32 PM
+
+       Examples for Denmark, where the default  date  and  time
+       format is %a %d %b %Y %T %Z :
+
+
+              $ LANG=da_DK.iso_8859-1 date
+              ons 02 okt 1991 15:03:32 CET
+
+
+              $ LANG=da_DK.iso_8859-1 \
+                  date "+DATO: %A den %e. %B %Y%nKLOKKEN: %H:%M:%S"
+              DATO: onsdag den 2. oktober 1991
+              KLOKKEN: 15:03:56
+
+       Examples  for  Germany,  where the default date and time
+       format is %a %d . %h . %Y , %T %Z :
+
+
+              $ LANG=De_DE.88591 date
+              Mi 02.Okt.1991, 15:01:21 MEZ
+
+
+              $ LANG=De_DE.88591 date "+DATUM: %A, %d. %B %Y%nZEIT: %H:%M:%S"
+              DATUM: Mittwoch, 02. Oktober 1991
+              ZEIT: 15:02:02
+
+       Examples for France, where the  default  date  and  time
+       format is %a %d %h %Y %Z %T :
+
+
+              $ LANG=Fr_FR.88591 date
+              Mer 02 oct 1991 MET 15:03:32
+
+
+              $ LANG=Fr_FR.88591 date "+JOUR: %A %d %B %Y%nHEURE: %H:%M:%S"
+              JOUR: Mercredi 02 octobre 1991
+              HEURE: 15:03:56
+
+RATIONALE
+       Some  of  the  new  options  for formatting are from the
+       ISO C standard.  The -u option was introduced  to  allow
+       portable access to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The
+       string "GMT0" is allowed as an equivalent TZ value to be
+       compatible  with all of the systems using the BSD imple-
+       mentation, where this option originated.
+
+       The %e format  conversion  specification  (adopted  from
+       System  V)  was added because the ISO C standard conver-
+       sion specifications did not provide any way  to  produce
+       the historical default date output during the first nine
+       days of any month.
+
+       There are two varieties of day and week  numbering  sup-
+       ported  (in  addition  to  any  others  created with the
+       locale-dependent %E and %O modifier characters):
+
+              The historical variety in  which  Sunday  is  the
+              first  day of the week and the weekdays preceding
+              the first Sunday of the year are considered  week
+              0. These are represented by %w and %U . A variant
+              of this is %W , using Monday as the first day  of
+              the  week,  but  still  referring to week 0. This
+              view of the calendar was retained because so many
+              historical  applications  depend  on  it  and the
+              ISO C standard strftime() function, on which many
+              date  implementations  are  based, was defined in
+              this way.
+
+              The  international   standard,   based   on   the
+              ISO 8601:2000  standard where Monday is the first
+              weekday and the algorithm for the first week num-
+              ber  is more complex: If the week (Monday to Sun-
+              day) containing January 1 has four or  more  days
+              in the new year, then it is week 1; otherwise, it
+              is week 53 of the previous  year,  and  the  next
+              week  is week 1. These are represented by the new
+              conversion specifications %u and %V , added as  a
+              result of international comments.
+
+FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+       None.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       The  System  Interfaces  volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+       printf(), strftime()
+
+COPYRIGHT
+       Portions of this text are reprinted  and  reproduced  in
+       electronic  form  from  IEEE  Std  1003.1, 2003 Edition,
+       Standard for Information Technology -- Portable  Operat-
+       ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
+       fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
+       tute  of  Electrical  and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
+       The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy  between
+       this  version  and  the original IEEE and The Open Group
+       Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard
+       is  the  referee  document. The original Standard can be
+       obtained        online        at        http://www.open-
+       group.org/unix/online.html .
+
+
+
+POSIX                         2003                      date(P)