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+expand(P)                                             expand(P)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+       expand - convert tabs to spaces
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       expand [-t tablist][file ...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       The  expand  utility  shall  write files or the standard
+       input to the standard output with <tab>s  replaced  with
+       one or more <space>s needed to pad to the next tab stop.
+       Any <backspace>s shall be copied to the output and cause
+       the  column  position count for tab stop calculations to
+       be decremented; the column position count shall  not  be
+       decremented below zero.
+
+OPTIONS
+       The expand utility shall conform to the Base Definitions
+       volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section  12.2,  Utility
+       Syntax Guidelines.
+
+       The following option shall be supported:
+
+       -t  tablist
+              Specify  the  tab  stops.  The  application shall
+              ensure that  the  argument  tablist  consists  of
+              either  a  single  positive  decimal integer or a
+              list of tabstops. If a single  number  is  given,
+              tabs shall be set that number of column positions
+              apart instead of the default 8.
+
+       If a list of tabstops is given,  the  application  shall
+       ensure  that  it consists of a list of two or more posi-
+       tive decimal integers, separated by <blank>s or  commas,
+       in  ascending order. The tabs shall be set at those spe-
+       cific column positions. Each tab  stop  N  shall  be  an
+       integer  value  greater  than  zero,  and the list is in
+       strictly ascending order. This is taken  to  mean  that,
+       from  the start of a line of output, tabbing to position
+       N shall cause the next character output to be in  the  (
+       N+1)th column position on that line.
+
+       In  the  event  of expand having to process a <tab> at a
+       position beyond the last of those specified in a  multi-
+       ple tab-stop list, the <tab> shall be replaced by a sin-
+       gle <space> in the output.
+
+
+OPERANDS
+       The following operand shall be supported:
+
+       file   The pathname of a text file to be used as  input.
+
+
+STDIN
+       See the INPUT FILES section.
+
+INPUT FILES
+       Input files shall be text files.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+       The  following  environment  variables  shall affect the
+       execution of expand:
+
+       LANG   Provide    a    default     value     for     the
+              internationalization  variables that are unset or
+              null.  (See  the  Base  Definitions   volume   of
+              IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, International-
+              ization Variables for the precedence of  interna-
+              tionalization  variables  used  to  determine the
+              values of locale categories.)
+
+       LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override  the
+              values  of  all  the  other  internationalization
+              variables.
+
+       LC_CTYPE
+              Determine the locale for  the  interpretation  of
+              sequences  of  bytes  of  text data as characters
+              (for example, single-byte as  opposed  to  multi-
+              byte  characters  in  arguments and input files),
+              the processing of <tab>s and  <space>s,  and  for
+              the  determination  of  the width in column posi-
+              tions each character would occupy  on  an  output
+              device.
+
+       LC_MESSAGES
+              Determine  the  locale  that  should  be  used to
+              affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
+              sages written to standard error.
+
+       NLSPATH
+              Determine  the  location  of message catalogs for
+              the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
+
+
+ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+       Default.
+
+STDOUT
+       The standard output shall be  equivalent  to  the  input
+       files  with <tab>s converted into the appropriate number
+       of <space>s.
+
+STDERR
+       The standard error shall be  used  only  for  diagnostic
+       messages.
+
+OUTPUT FILES
+       None.
+
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+       None.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+       The following exit values shall be returned:
+
+        0     Successful completion
+
+       >0     An error occurred.
+
+
+CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+       The expand utility shall terminate with an error message
+       and non-zero exit status upon encountering  difficulties
+       accessing one of the file operands.
+
+       The following sections are informative.
+
+APPLICATION USAGE
+       None.
+
+EXAMPLES
+       None.
+
+RATIONALE
+       The  expand  utility  is  useful  for preprocessing text
+       files (before sorting, looking at specific columns,  and
+       so on) that contain <tab>s.
+
+       See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+       Section 3.103, Column Position.
+
+       The tablist  option-argument  consists  of  integers  in
+       ascending  order.  Utility  Syntax  Guideline 8 mandates
+       that expand shall accept the integers (within the single
+       argument) separated using either commas or <blank>s.
+
+FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+       None.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       tabs , unexpand
+
+COPYRIGHT
+       Portions  of  this  text are reprinted and reproduced in
+       electronic form from  IEEE  Std  1003.1,  2003  Edition,
+       Standard  for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
+       ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
+       fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
+       tute of Electrical and Electronics  Engineers,  Inc  and
+       The  Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
+       this version and the original IEEE and  The  Open  Group
+       Standard,  the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+       is the referee document. The original  Standard  can  be
+       obtained        online        at        http://www.open-
+       group.org/unix/online.html .
+
+
+
+POSIX                         2003                    expand(P)