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authorIndrajith K L2022-12-03 17:00:20 +0530
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+id(P) id(P)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+ id - return user identity
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ id [user]
+
+ id -G[-n] [user]
+
+ id -g[-nr] [user]
+
+ id -u[-nr] [user]
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ If no user operand is provided, the id utility shall
+ write the user and group IDs and the corresponding user
+ and group names of the invoking process to standard out-
+ put. If the effective and real IDs do not match, both
+ shall be written. If multiple groups are supported by
+ the underlying system (see the description of
+ {NGROUPS_MAX} in the System Interfaces volume of
+ IEEE Std 1003.1-2001), the supplementary group affilia-
+ tions of the invoking process shall also be written.
+
+ If a user operand is provided and the process has the
+ appropriate privileges, the user and group IDs of the
+ selected user shall be written. In this case, effective
+ IDs shall be assumed to be identical to real IDs. If the
+ selected user has more than one allowable group member-
+ ship listed in the group database, these shall be writ-
+ ten in the same manner as the supplementary groups
+ described in the preceding paragraph.
+
+OPTIONS
+ The id utility shall conform to the Base Definitions
+ volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility
+ Syntax Guidelines.
+
+ The following options shall be supported:
+
+ -G Output all different group IDs (effective, real,
+ and supplementary) only, using the format "%u\n"
+ . If there is more than one distinct group affil-
+ iation, output each such affiliation, using the
+ format " %u" , before the <newline> is output.
+
+ -g Output only the effective group ID, using the
+ format "%u\n" .
+
+ -n Output the name in the format "%s" instead of the
+ numeric ID using the format "%u" .
+
+ -r Output the real ID instead of the effective ID.
+
+ -u Output only the effective user ID, using the for-
+ mat "%u\n" .
+
+
+OPERANDS
+ The following operand shall be supported:
+
+ user The login name for which information is to be
+ written.
+
+
+STDIN
+ Not used.
+
+INPUT FILES
+ None.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+ The following environment variables shall affect the
+ execution of id:
+
+ LANG Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
+ tion variables that are unset or null. (See the
+ Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+ Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for
+ the precedence of internationalization variables
+ used to determine the values of locale cate-
+ gories.)
+
+ LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the
+ values of all the other internationalization
+ variables.
+
+ LC_CTYPE
+ Determine the locale for the interpretation of
+ sequences of bytes of text data as characters
+ (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-
+ byte characters in arguments).
+
+ LC_MESSAGES
+ Determine the locale that should be used to
+ affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
+ sages written to standard error and informative
+ messages written to standard output.
+
+ NLSPATH
+ Determine the location of message catalogs for
+ the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
+
+
+ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+ Default.
+
+STDOUT
+ The following formats shall be used when the LC_MESSAGES
+ locale category specifies the POSIX locale. In other
+ locales, the strings uid, gid, euid, egid, and groups
+ may be replaced with more appropriate strings corre-
+ sponding to the locale.
+
+
+ "uid=%u(%s) gid=%u(%s)\n", <real user ID>, <user-name>,
+ <real group ID>, <group-name>
+
+ If the effective and real user IDs do not match, the
+ following shall be inserted immediately before the '\n'
+ character in the previous format:
+
+
+ " euid=%u(%s)"
+
+ with the following arguments added at the end of the
+ argument list:
+
+
+ <effective user ID>, <effective user-name>
+
+ If the effective and real group IDs do not match, the
+ following shall be inserted directly before the '\n'
+ character in the format string (and after any addition
+ resulting from the effective and real user IDs not
+ matching):
+
+
+ " egid=%u(%s)"
+
+ with the following arguments added at the end of the
+ argument list:
+
+
+ <effective group-ID>, <effective group name>
+
+ If the process has supplementary group affiliations or
+ the selected user is allowed to belong to multiple
+ groups, the first shall be added directly before the
+ <newline> in the format string:
+
+
+ " groups=%u(%s)"
+
+ with the following arguments added at the end of the
+ argument list:
+
+
+ <supplementary group ID>, <supplementary group name>
+
+ and the necessary number of the following added after
+ that for any remaining supplementary group IDs:
+
+
+ ",%u(%s)"
+
+ and the necessary number of the following arguments
+ added at the end of the argument list:
+
+
+ <supplementary group ID>, <supplementary group name>
+
+ If any of the user ID, group ID, effective user ID,
+ effective group ID, or supplementary/multiple group IDs
+ cannot be mapped by the system into printable user or
+ group names, the corresponding "(%s)" and name argument
+ shall be omitted from the corresponding format string.
+
+ When any of the options are specified, the output format
+ shall be as described in the OPTIONS section.
+
+STDERR
+ The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic
+ messages.
+
+OUTPUT FILES
+ None.
+
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+ None.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+ The following exit values shall be returned:
+
+ 0 Successful completion.
+
+ >0 An error occurred.
+
+
+CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+ Default.
+
+ The following sections are informative.
+
+APPLICATION USAGE
+ Output produced by the -G option and by the default case
+ could potentially produce very long lines on systems
+ that support large numbers of supplementary groups. (On
+ systems with user and group IDs that are 32-bit integers
+ and with group names with a maximum of 8 bytes per name,
+ 93 supplementary groups plus distinct effective and real
+ group and user IDs could theoretically overflow the
+ 2048-byte {LINE_MAX} text file line limit on the default
+ output case. It would take about 186 supplementary
+ groups to overflow the 2048-byte barrier using id -G).
+ This is not expected to be a problem in practice, but in
+ cases where it is a concern, applications should con-
+ sider using fold -s before postprocessing the output of
+ id.
+
+EXAMPLES
+ None.
+
+RATIONALE
+ The functionality provided by the 4 BSD groups utility
+ can be simulated using:
+
+
+ id -Gn [ user ]
+
+ The 4 BSD command groups was considered, but it was not
+ included because it did not provide the functionality of
+ the id utility of the SVID. Also, it was thought that it
+ would be easier to modify id to provide the additional
+ functionality necessary to systems with multiple groups
+ than to invent another command.
+
+ The options -u, -g, -n, and -r were added to ease the
+ use of id with shell commands substitution. Without
+ these options it is necessary to use some preprocessor
+ such as sed to select the desired piece of information.
+ Since output such as that produced by:
+
+
+ id -u -n
+
+ is frequently wanted, it seemed desirable to add the
+ options.
+
+FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+ None.
+
+SEE ALSO
+ fold , logname , who , the System Interfaces volume of
+ IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, getgid(), getgroups(), getuid()
+
+COPYRIGHT
+ Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
+ electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition,
+ Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
+ ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
+ fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
+ tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
+ The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
+ this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
+ Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+ is the referee document. The original Standard can be
+ obtained online at http://www.open-
+ group.org/unix/online.html .
+
+
+
+POSIX 2003 id(P)