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authorIndrajith K L2022-12-03 17:00:20 +0530
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+nl(P) nl(P)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+ nl - line numbering filter
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ nl [-p][-b type][-d delim][-f type][-h type][-i incr][-l
+ num][-n format]
+ [-s sep][-v startnum][-w width][file]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ The nl utility shall read lines from the named file or
+ the standard input if no file is named and shall repro-
+ duce the lines to standard output. Lines shall be num-
+ bered on the left. Additional functionality may be pro-
+ vided in accordance with the command options in effect.
+
+ The nl utility views the text it reads in terms of logi-
+ cal pages. Line numbering shall be reset at the start
+ of each logical page. A logical page consists of a
+ header, a body, and a footer section. Empty sections are
+ valid. Different line numbering options are indepen-
+ dently available for header, body, and footer (for exam-
+ ple, no numbering of header and footer lines while num-
+ bering blank lines only in the body).
+
+ The starts of logical page sections shall be signaled by
+ input lines containing nothing but the following delim-
+ iter characters:
+ Line Start of
+ \:\:\: Header
+ \:\: Body
+ \: Footer
+
+ Unless otherwise specified, nl shall assume the text
+ being read is in a single logical page body.
+
+OPTIONS
+ The nl utility shall conform to the Base Definitions
+ volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility
+ Syntax Guidelines. Only one file can be named.
+
+ The following options shall be supported:
+
+ -b type
+ Specify which logical page body lines shall be
+ numbered. Recognized types and their meaning are:
+
+ a Number all lines.
+
+ t Number only non-empty lines.
+
+ n No line numbering.
+
+ pstring
+ Number only lines that contain the basic regular
+ expression specified in string.
+
+
+ The default type for logical page body shall be t (text
+ lines numbered).
+
+ -d delim
+ Specify the delimiter characters that indicate
+ the start of a logical page section. These can be
+ changed from the default characters "\:" to two
+ user-specified characters. If only one character
+ is entered, the second character shall remain the
+ default character ':' .
+
+ -f type
+ Specify the same as b type except for footer. The
+ default for logical page footer shall be n (no
+ lines numbered).
+
+ -h type
+ Specify the same as b type except for header. The
+ default type for logical page header shall be n
+ (no lines numbered).
+
+ -i incr
+ Specify the increment value used to number logi-
+ cal page lines. The default shall be 1.
+
+ -l num
+ Specify the number of blank lines to be consid-
+ ered as one. For example, -l 2 results in only
+ the second adjacent blank line being numbered (if
+ the appropriate -h a, -b a, or -f a option is
+ set). The default shall be 1.
+
+ -n format
+ Specify the line numbering format. Recognized
+ values are: ln, left justified, leading zeros
+ suppressed; rn, right justified, leading zeros
+ suppressed; rz, right justified, leading zeros
+ kept. The default format shall be rn (right jus-
+ tified).
+
+ -p Specify that numbering should not be restarted at
+ logical page delimiters.
+
+ -s sep
+ Specify the characters used in separating the
+ line number and the corresponding text line. The
+ default sep shall be a <tab>.
+
+ -v startnum
+ Specify the initial value used to number logical
+ page lines. The default shall be 1.
+
+ -w width
+ Specify the number of characters to be used for
+ the line number. The default width shall be 6.
+
+
+OPERANDS
+ The following operand shall be supported:
+
+ file A pathname of a text file to be line-numbered.
+
+
+STDIN
+ The standard input is a text file that is used if no
+ file operand is given.
+
+INPUT FILES
+ The input file named by the file operand is a text file.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+ The following environment variables shall affect the
+ execution of nl:
+
+ LANG Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
+ tion variables that are unset or null. (See the
+ Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+ Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for
+ the precedence of internationalization variables
+ used to determine the values of locale cate-
+ gories.)
+
+ LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the
+ values of all the other internationalization
+ variables.
+
+ LC_COLLATE
+
+ Determine the locale for the behavior of ranges,
+ equivalence classes, and multi-character collat-
+ ing elements within regular expressions.
+
+ LC_CTYPE
+ Determine the locale for the interpretation of
+ sequences of bytes of text data as characters
+ (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-
+ byte characters in arguments and input files),
+ the behavior of character classes within regular
+ expressions, and for deciding which characters
+ are in character class graph (for the -b t, -f t,
+ and -h t options).
+
+ LC_MESSAGES
+ Determine the locale that should be used to
+ affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
+ sages written to standard error.
+
+ NLSPATH
+ Determine the location of message catalogs for
+ the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
+
+
+ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+ Default.
+
+STDOUT
+ The standard output shall be a text file in the follow-
+ ing format:
+
+
+ "%s%s%s", <line number>, <separator>, <input line>
+
+ where <line number> is one of the following numeric for-
+ mats:
+
+ %6d When the rn format is used (the default; see -n).
+
+ %06d When the rz format is used.
+
+ %-6d When the ln format is used.
+
+ <empty>
+ When line numbers are suppressed for a portion of
+ the page; the <separator> is also suppressed.
+
+
+ In the preceding list, the number 6 is the default
+ width; the -w option can change this value.
+
+STDERR
+ The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic
+ messages.
+
+OUTPUT FILES
+ None.
+
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+ None.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+ The following exit values shall be returned:
+
+ 0 Successful completion.
+
+ >0 An error occurred.
+
+
+CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+ Default.
+
+ The following sections are informative.
+
+APPLICATION USAGE
+ In using the -d delim option, care should be taken to
+ escape characters that have special meaning to the com-
+ mand interpreter.
+
+EXAMPLES
+ The command:
+
+
+ nl -v 10 -i 10 -d \!+ file1
+
+ numbers file1 starting at line number 10 with an incre-
+ ment of 10. The logical page delimiter is "!+" . Note
+ that the '!' has to be escaped when using csh as a com-
+ mand interpreter because of its history substitution
+ syntax. For ksh and sh the escape is not necessary, but
+ does not do any harm.
+
+RATIONALE
+ None.
+
+FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+ None.
+
+SEE ALSO
+ pr
+
+COPYRIGHT
+ Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
+ electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition,
+ Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
+ ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
+ fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
+ tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
+ The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
+ this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
+ Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+ is the referee document. The original Standard can be
+ obtained online at http://www.open-
+ group.org/unix/online.html .
+
+
+
+POSIX 2003 nl(P)