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+wc(P)                                                     wc(P)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+       wc - word, line, and byte or character count
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       wc [-c|-m][-lw][file...]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       The  wc  utility shall read one or more input files and,
+       by default, write the number of <newline>s,  words,  and
+       bytes  contained in each input file to the standard out-
+       put.
+
+       The utility also shall write a total count for all named
+       files, if more than one input file is specified.
+
+       The  wc  utility shall consider a word to be a non-zero-
+       length string of characters delimited by white space.
+
+OPTIONS
+       The wc utility shall conform  to  the  Base  Definitions
+       volume  of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section 12.2, Utility
+       Syntax Guidelines.
+
+       The following options shall be supported:
+
+       -c     Write to the standard output the number of  bytes
+              in each input file.
+
+       -l     Write  to the standard output the number of <new-
+              line>s in each input file.
+
+       -m     Write to the standard output the number of  char-
+              acters in each input file.
+
+       -w     Write  to the standard output the number of words
+              in each input file.
+
+
+       When any option is specified, wc shall report  only  the
+       information requested by the specified options.
+
+OPERANDS
+       The following operand shall be supported:
+
+       file   A  pathname of an input file. If no file operands
+              are specified, the standard input shall be  used.
+
+
+STDIN
+       The  standard  input shall be used only if no file oper-
+       ands are specified. See the INPUT FILES section.
+
+INPUT FILES
+       The input files may be of any type.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+       The following environment  variables  shall  affect  the
+       execution of wc:
+
+       LANG   Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
+              tion variables that are unset or null.  (See  the
+              Base  Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+              Section 8.2, Internationalization  Variables  for
+              the  precedence of internationalization variables
+              used to determine  the  values  of  locale  cate-
+              gories.)
+
+       LC_ALL If  set to a non-empty string value, override the
+              values  of  all  the  other  internationalization
+              variables.
+
+       LC_CTYPE
+              Determine  the  locale  for the interpretation of
+              sequences of bytes of  text  data  as  characters
+              (for  example,  single-byte  as opposed to multi-
+              byte characters in arguments and input files) and
+              which characters are defined as white space char-
+              acters.
+
+       LC_MESSAGES
+              Determine the  locale  that  should  be  used  to
+              affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
+              sages written to standard error  and  informative
+              messages written to standard output.
+
+       NLSPATH
+              Determine  the  location  of message catalogs for
+              the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
+
+
+ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+       Default.
+
+STDOUT
+       By default, the standard output shall contain  an  entry
+       for each input file of the form:
+
+
+              "%d %d %d %s\n", <newlines>, <words>, <bytes>, <file>
+
+       If  the -m option is specified, the number of characters
+       shall replace the <bytes> field in this format.
+
+       If any options are specified and the -l  option  is  not
+       specified,  the  number of <newline>s shall not be writ-
+       ten.
+
+       If any options are specified and the -w  option  is  not
+       specified, the number of words shall not be written.
+
+       If  any  options  are specified and neither -c nor -m is
+       specified, the number of bytes or characters  shall  not
+       be written.
+
+       If  no  input file operands are specified, no name shall
+       be written and no <blank>s preceding the pathname  shall
+       be written.
+
+       If  more  than  one  input file operand is specified, an
+       additional line shall be written, of the same format  as
+       the  other  lines,  except  that  the word total (in the
+       POSIX locale) shall be written instead of a pathname and
+       the  total  of each column shall be written as appropri-
+       ate. Such an additional line, if any, is written at  the
+       end of the output.
+
+STDERR
+       The  standard  error  shall  be used only for diagnostic
+       messages.
+
+OUTPUT FILES
+       None.
+
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+       None.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+       The following exit values shall be returned:
+
+        0     Successful completion.
+
+       >0     An error occurred.
+
+
+CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+       Default.
+
+       The following sections are informative.
+
+APPLICATION USAGE
+       The -m option is not a switch, but an option at the same
+       level  as  -c.  Thus, to produce the full default output
+       with character counts  instead  of  bytes,  the  command
+       required is:
+
+
+              wc -mlw
+
+EXAMPLES
+       None.
+
+RATIONALE
+       The  output  file format pseudo- printf() string differs
+       from the System V version of wc:
+
+
+              "%7d%7d%7d %s\n"
+
+       which produces possibly ambiguous and unparsable results
+       for  very  large  files,  as  it assumes no number shall
+       exceed six digits.
+
+       Some historical implementations use only <space>, <tab>,
+       and  <newline> as word separators. The equivalent of the
+       ISO C standard isspace() function is more appropriate.
+
+       The -c option stands for "character" count, even  though
+       it counts bytes. This stems from the sometimes erroneous
+       historical view that bytes and characters are  the  same
+       size.  Due  to international requirements, the -m option
+       (reminiscent of "multi-byte") was added to obtain actual
+       character counts.
+
+       Early  proposals  only  specified the results when input
+       files were text files. The  current  specification  more
+       closely  matches historical practice. (Bytes, words, and
+       <newline>s are counted separately and  the  results  are
+       written when an end-of-file is detected.)
+
+       Historical   implementations  of  the  wc  utility  only
+       accepted one argument to specify the options -c, -l, and
+       -w.  Some  of  them  also had multiple occurrences of an
+       option cause the corresponding count to be written  mul-
+       tiple  times  and  had the order of specification of the
+       options affect the order of the fields  on  output,  but
+       did  not document either of these.  Because common usage
+       either specifies no options  or  only  one  option,  and
+       because   none  of  this  was  documented,  the  changes
+       required by this volume of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001  should
+       not break many historical applications (and do not break
+       any historical conforming applications).
+
+FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+       None.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       cksum
+
+COPYRIGHT
+       Portions of this text are reprinted  and  reproduced  in
+       electronic  form  from  IEEE  Std  1003.1, 2003 Edition,
+       Standard for Information Technology -- Portable  Operat-
+       ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
+       fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
+       tute  of  Electrical  and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
+       The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy  between
+       this  version  and  the original IEEE and The Open Group
+       Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group  Standard
+       is  the  referee  document. The original Standard can be
+       obtained        online        at        http://www.open-
+       group.org/unix/online.html .
+
+
+
+POSIX                         2003                        wc(P)