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authorIndrajith K L2022-12-03 17:00:20 +0530
committerIndrajith K L2022-12-03 17:00:20 +0530
commitf5c4671bfbad96bf346bd7e9a21fc4317b4959df (patch)
tree2764fc62da58f2ba8da7ed341643fc359873142f /ctags/man/ctags-lang-python.7.html
downloadcli-tools-windows-master.tar.gz
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Adds most of the toolsHEADmaster
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+
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div class="document" id="ctags-lang-python">
+<span id="ctags-lang-python-7"></span>
+<h1 class="title">ctags-lang-python</h1>
+<h2 class="subtitle" id="random-notes-about-tagging-python-source-code-with-universal-ctags">Random notes about tagging python source code with Universal Ctags</h2>
+<table class="docinfo" frame="void" rules="none">
+<col class="docinfo-name" />
+<col class="docinfo-content" />
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><th class="docinfo-name">Version:</th>
+<td>5.9.0</td></tr>
+<tr class="manual-group field"><th class="docinfo-name">Manual group:</th><td class="field-body">Universal Ctags</td>
+</tr>
+<tr class="manual-section field"><th class="docinfo-name">Manual section:</th><td class="field-body">7</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+<div class="section" id="synopsis">
+<h1>SYNOPSIS</h1>
+<div class="line-block">
+<div class="line"><strong>ctags</strong> ... --languages=+Python ...</div>
+<div class="line"><strong>ctags</strong> ... --language-force=Python ...</div>
+<div class="line"><strong>ctags</strong> ... --map-Python=+.py ...</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="description">
+<h1>DESCRIPTION</h1>
+<p>This man page gathers random notes about tagging python source code.</p>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="tagging-import-statements">
+<h1>TAGGING <tt class="docutils literal">import</tt> STATEMENTS</h1>
+<div class="section" id="summary">
+<h2>Summary</h2>
+<p><cite>import X</cite></p>
+<blockquote>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="7%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="33%" />
+<col width="42%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head">name</th>
+<th class="head">kind</th>
+<th class="head">role</th>
+<th class="head">other noticeable fields</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td>X</td>
+<td>module</td>
+<td>imported</td>
+<td>N/A</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<p><cite>import X as Y</cite></p>
+<blockquote>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="7%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="33%" />
+<col width="42%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head">name</th>
+<th class="head">kind</th>
+<th class="head">role</th>
+<th class="head">other noticeable fields</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td>X</td>
+<td>module</td>
+<td>indirectlyImported</td>
+<td>N/A</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td>Y</td>
+<td>namespace</td>
+<td>definition</td>
+<td>nameref:module:X</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<p><cite>from X import *</cite></p>
+<blockquote>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="7%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="33%" />
+<col width="42%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head">name</th>
+<th class="head">kind</th>
+<th class="head">role</th>
+<th class="head">other noticeable fields</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td><cite>X</cite></td>
+<td>module</td>
+<td>namespace</td>
+<td>N/A</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<p><cite>from X import Y</cite></p>
+<blockquote>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="7%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="33%" />
+<col width="42%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head">name</th>
+<th class="head">kind</th>
+<th class="head">role</th>
+<th class="head">other noticeable fields</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td><cite>X</cite></td>
+<td>module</td>
+<td>namespace</td>
+<td>N/A</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><cite>Y</cite></td>
+<td>unknown</td>
+<td>imported</td>
+<td>scope:module:<cite>X</cite></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<p><cite>from X import Y as Z</cite></p>
+<blockquote>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="7%" />
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="33%" />
+<col width="42%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head">name</th>
+<th class="head">kind</th>
+<th class="head">role</th>
+<th class="head">other noticeable fields</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td><cite>X</cite></td>
+<td>module</td>
+<td>namespace</td>
+<td>N/A</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><cite>Y</cite></td>
+<td>unknown</td>
+<td>indirectlyImported</td>
+<td>scope:module:<cite>X</cite></td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td><cite>Z</cite></td>
+<td>unknown</td>
+<td>definition</td>
+<td>nameref:unknown:<cite>X</cite></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<!-- ===================== ==== ========== ================== ===================
+input code name kind role other noticeable fields
+===================== ==== ========== ================== ===================
+import X X module imported
+import X as Y X module indirectlyImported
+import X as Y Y namespace definition nameref:module:X
+from X import * X module namespace
+from X import Y X module namespace
+from X import Y Y unknown imported scope:module:X
+from X import Y as Z X module namespace
+from X import Y as Z Y unknown indirectlyImported scope:module:X
+from X import Y as Z Z unknown definition nameref:unknown:X
+===================== ==== ========== ================== =================== -->
+<!-- a table having merged cells cannot be converted to man page -->
+<!-- +- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+|input code |output tags |
+| +- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+| |name| kind |role |other noticeable fields |
++====================+====+==========+==================+===================+
+|import X |X | module |imported | |
++- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+|import X as Y |X | module |indirectlyImported| |
+| +- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+| |Y | namespace|definition |nameref:module:X |
++- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+|from X import * |X | module |namespace | |
++- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+|from X import Y |X | module |namespace | |
+| +- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+| |Y | unknown |imported |scope:module:X |
++- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+|from X import Y as Z|X | module |namespace | |
+| +- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+| |Y | unknown |indirectlyImported|scope:module:X |
+| +- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+
+| |Z | unknown |definition |nameref:unknown:Y |
++- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - -+- - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -+ -->
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="examples">
+<h2>Examples</h2>
+<p>&quot;input.py&quot;</p>
+<pre class="code Python literal-block">
+<span class="keyword namespace">import</span> <span class="name namespace">X0</span>
+</pre>
+<p>&quot;output.tags&quot;
+with &quot;--options=NONE -o - --extras=+r --fields=+rzK input.py&quot;</p>
+<div class="system-message">
+<p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<tt class="docutils">ctags-lang-python.7.rst</tt>, line 125)</p>
+<p>Cannot analyze code. No Pygments lexer found for &quot;tags&quot;.</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+.. code-block:: tags
+
+ X0 input.py /^import X0$/;&quot; kind:module roles:imported
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>A tag for an imported module has <tt class="docutils literal">module</tt> kind with <tt class="docutils literal">imported</tt> role. The
+module is not defined here; it is defined in another file. So the tag for the
+imported module is a reference tag; specify <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--extras=+r</span></tt> (or
+<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--extras=+{reference}</span></tt>) option for tagging it. &quot;roles:&quot; field enabled with
+<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--fields=+r</span></tt> is for recording the module is &quot;imported&quot; to the tag file.</p>
+<p>&quot;input.py&quot;</p>
+<pre class="code Python literal-block">
+<span class="keyword namespace">import</span> <span class="name namespace">X1</span> <span class="keyword">as</span> <span class="name namespace">Y1</span>
+</pre>
+<p>&quot;output.tags&quot;
+with &quot;--options=NONE -o - --extras=+r --fields=+rzK --fields-Python=+{nameref} input.py&quot;</p>
+<div class="system-message">
+<p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<tt class="docutils">ctags-lang-python.7.rst</tt>, line 144)</p>
+<p>Cannot analyze code. No Pygments lexer found for &quot;tags&quot;.</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+.. code-block:: tags
+
+ X1 input.py /^import X1 as Y1$/;&quot; kind:module roles:indirectlyImported
+ Y1 input.py /^import X1 as Y1$/;&quot; kind:namespace roles:def nameref:module:X1
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>&quot;Y1&quot; introduces a new name and is defined here. So &quot;Y1&quot; is tagged as a
+definition tag. &quot;X1&quot; is imported in a way that its name cannot be used
+in this source file. For letting client tools know that the name cannot be used,
+<tt class="docutils literal">indirectlyImported</tt> role is assigned for &quot;X1&quot;. &quot;Y1&quot; is the name for
+accessing objects defined in the module imported via &quot;X1&quot;. For recording this
+relationship, <tt class="docutils literal">nameref:</tt> field is attached to the tag of &quot;Y1&quot;. Instead of
+<tt class="docutils literal">module</tt> kind, <tt class="docutils literal">namespace</tt> kind is assigned to &quot;Y1&quot; because &quot;Y1&quot; itself
+isn't a module.</p>
+<p>&quot;input.py&quot;</p>
+<pre class="code Python literal-block">
+<span class="keyword namespace">from</span> <span class="name namespace">X2</span> <span class="keyword namespace">import</span> <span class="operator">*</span>
+</pre>
+<p>&quot;output.tags&quot;
+with &quot;--options=NONE -o - --extras=+r --fields=+rzK input.py&quot;</p>
+<div class="system-message">
+<p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<tt class="docutils">ctags-lang-python.7.rst</tt>, line 167)</p>
+<p>Cannot analyze code. No Pygments lexer found for &quot;tags&quot;.</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+.. code-block:: tags
+
+ X2 input.py /^from X2 import *$/;&quot; kind:module roles:namespace
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>The module is not defined here; it is defined in another file. So the tag for
+the imported module is a reference tag. Unlike &quot;X0&quot; in &quot;import X0&quot;, &quot;X2&quot; may not
+be used because the names defined in &quot;X2&quot; can be used in this source file. To represent
+the difference <tt class="docutils literal">namespace</tt> role is attached to &quot;X2&quot; instead of <tt class="docutils literal">imported</tt>.</p>
+<p>&quot;input.py&quot;</p>
+<pre class="code Python literal-block">
+<span class="keyword namespace">from</span> <span class="name namespace">X3</span> <span class="keyword namespace">import</span> <span class="name">Y3</span>
+</pre>
+<p>&quot;output.tags&quot;
+with &quot;--options=NONE -o - --extras=+r --fields=+rzKZ input.py&quot;</p>
+<div class="system-message">
+<p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<tt class="docutils">ctags-lang-python.7.rst</tt>, line 185)</p>
+<p>Cannot analyze code. No Pygments lexer found for &quot;tags&quot;.</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+.. code-block:: tags
+
+ X3 input.py /^from X3 import Y3$/;&quot; kind:module roles:namespace
+ Y3 input.py /^from X3 import Y3$/;&quot; kind:unknown scope:module:X3 roles:imported
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>&quot;Y3&quot; is a name for a language object defined in &quot;X3&quot; module. &quot;scope:module:X3&quot;
+attached to &quot;Y3&quot; represents this relation between &quot;Y3&quot; and &quot;X3&quot;. ctags
+assigns <tt class="docutils literal">unknown</tt> kind to &quot;Y3&quot; because ctags cannot know whether &quot;Y3&quot; is a
+class, a variable, or a function from the input file.</p>
+<p>&quot;input.py&quot;</p>
+<pre class="code Python literal-block">
+<span class="keyword namespace">from</span> <span class="name namespace">X4</span> <span class="keyword namespace">import</span> <span class="name">Y4</span> <span class="keyword">as</span> <span class="name">Z4</span>
+</pre>
+<p>&quot;output.tags&quot;
+with &quot;--options=NONE -o - --extras=+r --fields=+rzKZ input.py&quot;</p>
+<div class="system-message">
+<p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<tt class="docutils">ctags-lang-python.7.rst</tt>, line 204)</p>
+<p>Cannot analyze code. No Pygments lexer found for &quot;tags&quot;.</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+.. code-block:: tags
+
+ X4 input.py /^from X4 import Y4 as Z4$/;&quot; kind:module roles:namespace
+ Y4 input.py /^from X4 import Y4 as Z4$/;&quot; kind:unknown scope:module:X4 roles:indirectlyImported
+ Z4 input.py /^from X4 import Y4 as Z4$/;&quot; kind:unknown roles:def nameref:unknown:Y4
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>&quot;Y4&quot; is similar to &quot;Y3&quot; of &quot;from X3 import Y3&quot; but the name cannot be used here.
+<tt class="docutils literal">indirectlyImported</tt> role assigned to &quot;Y4&quot; representing this. &quot;Z4&quot; is the name for
+accessing the language object named in &quot;Y4&quot; in &quot;X4&quot; module. &quot;nameref:unknown:Y4&quot;
+attached to &quot;Z4&quot; and &quot;scope:module:X4&quot; attached to &quot;Y4&quot; represent the relations.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="lambda-expression-and-type-hint">
+<h1>LAMBDA EXPRESSION AND TYPE HINT</h1>
+<div class="section" id="id1">
+<h2>Summary</h2>
+<p><cite>id = lambda var0: var0</cite></p>
+<blockquote>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="18%" />
+<col width="16%" />
+<col width="29%" />
+<col width="37%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head">name</th>
+<th class="head">kind</th>
+<th class="head">role</th>
+<th class="head">other noticeable fields</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td><cite>id</cite></td>
+<td>function</td>
+<td>definition</td>
+<td>signature:(<cite>var0</cite>)</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+<p><cite>id_t: Callable[[int], int] = lambda var1: var1</cite></p>
+<blockquote>
+<table border="1" class="docutils">
+<colgroup>
+<col width="10%" />
+<col width="10%" />
+<col width="17%" />
+<col width="63%" />
+</colgroup>
+<thead valign="bottom">
+<tr><th class="head">name</th>
+<th class="head">kind</th>
+<th class="head">role</th>
+<th class="head">other noticeable fields</th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody valign="top">
+<tr><td><cite>id_t</cite></td>
+<td>variable</td>
+<td>definition</td>
+<td>typeref:typename:<cite>Callable[[int], int]</cite> nameref:function:anonFuncN</td>
+</tr>
+<tr><td>anonFuncN</td>
+<td>function</td>
+<td>definition</td>
+<td>signature:(<cite>var1</cite>)</td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="id2">
+<h2>Examples</h2>
+<p>&quot;input.py&quot;</p>
+<pre class="code Python literal-block">
+<span class="keyword namespace">from</span> <span class="name namespace">typing</span> <span class="keyword namespace">import</span> <span class="name">Callable</span>
+<span class="name builtin">id</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">lambda</span> <span class="name">var0</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="name">var0</span>
+<span class="name">id_t</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="name">Callable</span><span class="punctuation">[[</span><span class="name builtin">int</span><span class="punctuation">],</span> <span class="name builtin">int</span><span class="punctuation">]</span> <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="keyword">lambda</span> <span class="name">var1</span><span class="punctuation">:</span> <span class="name">var1</span>
+</pre>
+<p>&quot;output.tags&quot;
+with &quot;--options=NONE -o - --sort=no --fields=+KS --fields-Python=+{nameref} --extras=+{anonymous} input.py&quot;</p>
+<div class="system-message">
+<p class="system-message-title">System Message: WARNING/2 (<tt class="docutils">ctags-lang-python.7.rst</tt>, line 251)</p>
+<p>Cannot analyze code. No Pygments lexer found for &quot;tags&quot;.</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+.. code-block:: tags
+
+ id input.py /^id = lambda var0: var0$/;&quot; function signature:(var0)
+ id_t input.py /^id_t: Callable[[int], int] = lambda var1: var1$/;&quot;\
+ variable typeref:typename:Callable[[int], int] nameref:function:anonFunc84011d2c0101
+ anonFunc84011d2c0101 input.py /^id_t: Callable[[int], int] = lambda var1: var1$/;&quot;\
+ function signature:(var1)
+
+</pre>
+</div>
+<p>If a variable (&quot;id&quot;) with no type hint is initialized with a lambda expression,
+ctags assigns <tt class="docutils literal">function</tt> kind for the tag of &quot;id&quot;.</p>
+<p>If a variable (&quot;id_t&quot;) with a type hint is initialized with a lambda expression,
+ctags assigns <tt class="docutils literal">variable</tt> kind for the tag of &quot;id_t&quot; with <tt class="docutils literal">typeref:</tt> and
+<tt class="docutils literal">nameref:</tt> fields. ctags fills <tt class="docutils literal">typeref:</tt> field with the value of the type
+hint. The way of filling <tt class="docutils literal">nameref:</tt> is a bit complicated.</p>
+<p>For the lambda expression used in initializing the type-hint'ed variable, ctags
+creates <tt class="docutils literal">anonymous</tt> extra tag (&quot;anonFunc84011d2c0101&quot;). ctags fills the
+<tt class="docutils literal">nameref:</tt> field of &quot;id_t&quot; with the name of <tt class="docutils literal">anonymous</tt> extra tag:
+&quot;nameref:function:anonFunc84011d2c0101&quot;.</p>
+<p>You may think why ctags does so complicated, and why ctags doesn't emit
+following tags output for the input:</p>
+<pre class="literal-block">
+id input.py /^id = \\$/;&quot; function signature:(var0)
+id_t input.py /^id_t: \\$/;&quot; function typeref:typename:Callable[[int], int] signature:(var1)
+</pre>
+<p>There is a reason. The other languages of ctags obey the following rule: ctags fills
+<tt class="docutils literal">typeref:</tt> field for a tag of a callable object (like function) with the type
+of its return value. If we consider &quot;id_t&quot; is a function, its <tt class="docutils literal">typeref:</tt> field
+should have &quot;typename:int&quot;. However, for filling <tt class="docutils literal">typeref:</tt> with &quot;typename:int&quot;,
+ctags has to analyze &quot;Callable[[int], int]&quot; deeper. We don't want to do so.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="section" id="see-also">
+<h1>SEE ALSO</h1>
+<p>ctags(1), ctags-client-tools(7), ctags-lang-iPythonCell(7)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>