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diff --git a/coreutils-5.3.0-bin/man/cat1/chmod.1.txt b/coreutils-5.3.0-bin/man/cat1/chmod.1.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..273bb40 --- /dev/null +++ b/coreutils-5.3.0-bin/man/cat1/chmod.1.txt @@ -0,0 +1,143 @@ +CHMOD(1) User Commands CHMOD(1) + + + + + +NAME + chmod - change file access permissions + +SYNOPSIS + chmod [OPTION]... MODE[,MODE]... FILE... + chmod [OPTION]... OCTAL-MODE FILE... + chmod [OPTION]... --reference=RFILE FILE... + +DESCRIPTION + This manual page documents the GNU version of chmod. + chmod changes the permissions of each given file accord- + ing to mode, which can be either a symbolic representa- + tion of changes to make, or an octal number representing + the bit pattern for the new permissions. + + The format of a symbolic mode is `[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxXs- + tugo...]...][,...]'. Multiple symbolic operations can + be given, separated by commas. + + A combination of the letters `ugoa' controls which + users' access to the file will be changed: the user who + owns it (u), other users in the file's group (g), other + users not in the file's group (o), or all users (a). If + none of these are given, the effect is as if `a' were + given, but bits that are set in the umask are not + affected. + + The operator `+' causes the permissions selected to be + added to the existing permissions of each file; `-' + causes them to be removed; and `=' causes them to be the + only permissions that the file has. + + The letters `rwxXstugo' select the new permissions for + the affected users: read (r), write (w), execute (or + access for directories) (x), execute only if the file is + a directory or already has execute permission for some + user (X), set user or group ID on execution (s), sticky + (t), the permissions granted to the user who owns the + file (u), the permissions granted to other users who are + members of the file's group (g), and the permissions + granted to users that are in neither of the two preced- + ing categories (o). + + A numeric mode is from one to four octal digits (0-7), + derived by adding up the bits with values 4, 2, and 1. + Any omitted digits are assumed to be leading zeros. The + first digit selects the set user ID (4) and set group ID + (2) and sticky (1) attributes. The second digit selects + permissions for the user who owns the file: read (4), + write (2), and execute (1); the third selects permis- + sions for other users in the file's group, with the same + values; and the fourth for other users not in the file's + group, with the same values. + + chmod never changes the permissions of symbolic links; + the chmod system call cannot change their permissions. + This is not a problem since the permissions of symbolic + links are never used. However, for each symbolic link + listed on the command line, chmod changes the permis- + sions of the pointed-to file. In contrast, chmod + ignores symbolic links encountered during recursive + directory traversals. + +STICKY FILES + On older Unix systems, the sticky bit caused executable + files to be hoarded in swap space. This feature is not + useful on modern VM systems, and the Linux kernel + ignores the sticky bit on files. Other kernels may use + the sticky bit on files for system-defined purposes. On + some systems, only the superuser can set the sticky bit + on files. + +STICKY DIRECTORIES + When the sticky bit is set on a directory, files in that + directory may be unlinked or renamed only by root or + their owner. Without the sticky bit, anyone able to + write to the directory can delete or rename files. The + sticky bit is commonly found on directories, such as + /tmp, that are world-writable. + +OPTIONS + Change the mode of each FILE to MODE. + + -c, --changes + like verbose but report only when a change is + made + + --no-preserve-root + do not treat `/' specially (the default) + + --preserve-root + fail to operate recursively on `/' + + -f, --silent, --quiet + suppress most error messages + + -v, --verbose + output a diagnostic for every file processed + + --reference=RFILE + use RFILE's mode instead of MODE values + + -R, --recursive + change files and directories recursively + + --help display this help and exit + + --version + output version information and exit + + Each MODE is one or more of the letters ugoa, one of the + symbols +-= and one or more of the letters rwxXstugo. + +AUTHOR + Written by David MacKenzie and Jim Meyering. + +REPORTING BUGS + Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>. + +COPYRIGHT + Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. + This is free software; see the source for copying condi- + tions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABIL- + ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + +SEE ALSO + The full documentation for chmod is maintained as a Tex- + info manual. If the info and chmod programs are prop- + erly installed at your site, the command + + info chmod + + should give you access to the complete manual. + + + +chmod 5.3.0 November 2004 CHMOD(1) |