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diff --git a/coreutils-5.3.0-bin/man/cat1p/cut.1p.txt b/coreutils-5.3.0-bin/man/cat1p/cut.1p.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..64525bc --- /dev/null +++ b/coreutils-5.3.0-bin/man/cat1p/cut.1p.txt @@ -0,0 +1,333 @@ +cut(P) cut(P) + + + + + +NAME + cut - cut out selected fields of each line of a file + +SYNOPSIS + cut -b list [-n] [file ...] + + cut -c list [file ...] + + cut -f list [-d delim][-s][file ...] + + +DESCRIPTION + The cut utility shall cut out bytes ( -b option), char- + acters ( -c option), or character-delimited fields ( -f + option) from each line in one or more files, concatenate + them, and write them to standard output. + +OPTIONS + The cut utility shall conform to the Base Definitions + volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility + Syntax Guidelines. + + The application shall ensure that the option-argument + list (see options -b, -c, and -f below) is a comma-sepa- + rated list or <blank>-separated list of positive numbers + and ranges. Ranges can be in three forms. The first is + two positive numbers separated by a hyphen ( low- high), + which represents all fields from the first number to the + second number. The second is a positive number preceded + by a hyphen (- high), which represents all fields from + field number 1 to that number. The third is a positive + number followed by a hyphen ( low-), which represents + that number to the last field, inclusive. The elements + in list can be repeated, can overlap, and can be speci- + fied in any order, but the bytes, characters, or fields + selected shall be written in the order of the input + data. If an element appears in the selection list more + than once, it shall be written exactly once. + + The following options shall be supported: + + -b list + Cut based on a list of bytes. Each selected byte + shall be output unless the -n option is also + specified. It shall not be an error to select + bytes not present in the input line. + + -c list + Cut based on a list of characters. Each selected + character shall be output. It shall not be an + error to select characters not present in the + input line. + + -d delim + Set the field delimiter to the character delim. + The default is the <tab>. + + -f list + Cut based on a list of fields, assumed to be sep- + arated in the file by a delimiter character (see + -d). Each selected field shall be output. Output + fields shall be separated by a single occurrence + of the field delimiter character. Lines with no + field delimiters shall be passed through intact, + unless -s is specified. It shall not be an error + to select fields not present in the input line. + + -n Do not split characters. When specified with the + -b option, each element in list of the form low- + high (hyphen-separated numbers) shall be modified + as follows: + + If the byte selected by low is not the first byte + of a character, low shall be decremented to + select the first byte of the character originally + selected by low. If the byte selected by high is + not the last byte of a character, high shall be + decremented to select the last byte of the char- + acter prior to the character originally selected + by high, or zero if there is no prior character. + If the resulting range element has high equal to + zero or low greater than high, the list element + shall be dropped from list for that input line + without causing an error. + + Each element in list of the form low- shall be treated + as above with high set to the number of bytes in the + current line, not including the terminating <newline>. + Each element in list of the form - high shall be treated + as above with low set to 1. Each element in list of the + form num (a single number) shall be treated as above + with low set to num and high set to num. + + -s Suppress lines with no delimiter characters, when + used with the -f option. Unless specified, lines + with no delimiters shall be passed through + untouched. + + +OPERANDS + The following operand shall be supported: + + file A pathname of an input file. If no file operands + are specified, or if a file operand is '-' , the + standard input shall be used. + + +STDIN + The standard input shall be used only if no file oper- + ands are specified, or if a file operand is '-' . See + the INPUT FILES section. + +INPUT FILES + The input files shall be text files, except that line + lengths shall be unlimited. + +ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES + The following environment variables shall affect the + execution of cut: + + LANG Provide a default value for the internationaliza- + tion variables that are unset or null. (See the + Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, + Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for + the precedence of internationalization variables + used to determine the values of locale cate- + gories.) + + LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the + values of all the other internationalization + variables. + + LC_CTYPE + Determine the locale for the interpretation of + sequences of bytes of text data as characters + (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi- + byte characters in arguments and input files). + + LC_MESSAGES + Determine the locale that should be used to + affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes- + sages written to standard error. + + NLSPATH + Determine the location of message catalogs for + the processing of LC_MESSAGES . + + +ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS + Default. + +STDOUT + The cut utility output shall be a concatenation of the + selected bytes, characters, or fields (one of the fol- + lowing): + + + "%s\n", <concatenation of bytes> + + + "%s\n", <concatenation of characters> + + + "%s\n", <concatenation of fields and field delimiters> + +STDERR + The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic + messages. + +OUTPUT FILES + None. + +EXTENDED DESCRIPTION + None. + +EXIT STATUS + The following exit values shall be returned: + + 0 All input files were output successfully. + + >0 An error occurred. + + +CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS + Default. + + The following sections are informative. + +APPLICATION USAGE + Earlier versions of the cut utility worked in an envi- + ronment where bytes and characters were considered + equivalent (modulo <backspace> and <tab> processing in + some implementations). In the extended world of multi- + byte characters, the new -b option has been added. The + -n option (used with -b) allows it to be used to act on + bytes rounded to character boundaries. The algorithm + specified for -n guarantees that: + + + cut -b 1-500 -n file > file1 + cut -b 501- -n file > file2 + + ends up with all the characters in file appearing + exactly once in file1 or file2. (There is, however, a + <newline> in both file1 and file2 for each <newline> in + file.) + +EXAMPLES + Examples of the option qualifier list: + + 1,4,7 Select the first, fourth, and seventh bytes, + characters, or fields and field delimiters. + + 1-3,8 Equivalent to 1,2,3,8. + + -5,10 Equivalent to 1,2,3,4,5,10. + + 3- Equivalent to third to last, inclusive. + + + The low- high forms are not always equivalent when used + with -b and -n and multi-byte characters; see the + description of -n. + + The following command: + + + cut -d : -f 1,6 /etc/passwd + + reads the System V password file (user database) and + produces lines of the form: + + + <user ID>:<home directory> + + Most utilities in this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 + work on text files. The cut utility can be used to turn + files with arbitrary line lengths into a set of text + files containing the same data. The paste utility can be + used to create (or recreate) files with arbitrary line + lengths. For example, if file contains long lines: + + + cut -b 1-500 -n file > file1 + cut -b 501- -n file > file2 + + creates file1 (a text file) with lines no longer than + 500 bytes (plus the <newline>) and file2 that contains + the remainder of the data from file. (Note that file2 is + not a text file if there are lines in file that are + longer than 500 + {LINE_MAX} bytes.) The original file + can be recreated from file1 and file2 using the command: + + + paste -d "\0" file1 file2 > file + +RATIONALE + Some historical implementations do not count + <backspace>s in determining character counts with the -c + option. This may be useful for using cut for processing + nroff output. It was deliberately decided not to have + the -c option treat either <backspace>s or <tab>s in any + special fashion. The fold utility does treat these char- + acters specially. + + Unlike other utilities, some historical implementations + of cut exit after not finding an input file, rather than + continuing to process the remaining file operands. This + behavior is prohibited by this volume of + IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, where only the exit status is + affected by this problem. + + The behavior of cut when provided with either mutually- + exclusive options or options that do not work logically + together has been deliberately left unspecified in favor + of global wording in Utility Description Defaults . + + The OPTIONS section was changed in response to IEEE PASC + Interpretation 1003.2 #149. The change represents his- + torical practice on all known systems. The original + standard was ambiguous on the nature of the output. + + The list option-arguments are historically used to + select the portions of the line to be written, but do + not affect the order of the data. For example: + + + echo abcdefghi | cut -c6,2,4-7,1 + + yields "abdefg" . + + A proposal to enhance cut with the following option: + + -o Preserve the selected field order. When this + option is specified, each byte, character, or + field (or ranges of such) shall be written in the + order specified by the list option-argument, even + if this requires multiple outputs of the same + bytes, characters, or fields. + + + was rejected because this type of enhancement is outside + the scope of the IEEE P1003.2b draft standard. + +FUTURE DIRECTIONS + None. + +SEE ALSO + grep , paste , Parameters and Variables + +COPYRIGHT + Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in + electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, + Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operat- + ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci- + fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti- + tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and + The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between + this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group + Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard + is the referee document. The original Standard can be + obtained online at http://www.open- + group.org/unix/online.html . + + + +POSIX 2003 cut(P) |