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mkdir(P) mkdir(P)
NAME
mkdir - make directories
SYNOPSIS
mkdir [-p][-m mode] dir...
DESCRIPTION
The mkdir utility shall create the directories specified
by the operands, in the order specified.
For each dir operand, the mkdir utility shall perform
actions equivalent to the mkdir() function defined in
the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
called with the following arguments:
The dir operand is used as the path argument.
The value of the bitwise-inclusive OR of S_IRWXU,
S_IRWXG, and S_IRWXO is used as the mode argument. (If
the -m option is specified, the mode option-argument
overrides this default.)
OPTIONS
The mkdir utility shall conform to the Base Definitions
volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility
Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported:
-m mode
Set the file permission bits of the newly-created
directory to the specified mode value. The mode
option-argument shall be the same as the mode op-
erand defined for the chmod utility. In the sym-
bolic_mode strings, the op characters '+' and '-'
shall be interpreted relative to an assumed ini-
tial mode of a= rwx; '+' shall add permissions to
the default mode, '-' shall delete permissions
from the default mode.
-p Create any missing intermediate pathname compo-
nents.
For each dir operand that does not name an existing
directory, effects equivalent to those caused by the
following command shall occur:
mkdir -p -m $(umask -S),u+wx $(dirname dir) &&
mkdir [-m mode] dir
where the -m mode option represents that option supplied
to the original invocation of mkdir, if any.
Each dir operand that names an existing directory shall
be ignored without error.
OPERANDS
The following operand shall be supported:
dir A pathname of a directory to be created.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the
execution of mkdir:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
tion variables that are unset or null. (See the
Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for
the precedence of internationalization variables
used to determine the values of locale cate-
gories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the
values of all the other internationalization
variables.
LC_CTYPE
Determine the locale for the interpretation of
sequences of bytes of text data as characters
(for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-
byte characters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to
affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
sages written to standard error.
NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for
the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
Not used.
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic
messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 All the specified directories were created suc-
cessfully or the -p option was specified and all
the specified directories now exist.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
The default file mode for directories is a= rwx (777 on
most systems) with selected permissions removed in
accordance with the file mode creation mask. For inter-
mediate pathname components created by mkdir, the mode
is the default modified by u+ wx so that the subdirecto-
ries can always be created regardless of the file mode
creation mask; if different ultimate permissions are
desired for the intermediate directories, they can be
changed afterwards with chmod.
Note that some of the requested directories may have
been created even if an error occurs.
EXAMPLES
None.
RATIONALE
The System V -m option was included to control the file
mode.
The System V -p option was included to create any needed
intermediate directories and to complement the function-
ality provided by rmdir for removing directories in the
path prefix as they become empty. Because no error is
produced if any path component already exists, the -p
option is also useful to ensure that a particular direc-
tory exists.
The functionality of mkdir is described substantially
through a reference to the mkdir() function in the Sys-
tem Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. For exam-
ple, by default, the mode of the directory is affected
by the file mode creation mask in accordance with the
specified behavior of the mkdir() function. In this way,
there is less duplication of effort required for
describing details of the directory creation.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
chmod() , rm , rmdir() , umask() , the System Interfaces
volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, mkdir()
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition,
Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be
obtained online at http://www.open-
group.org/unix/online.html .
POSIX 2003 mkdir(P)
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