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pwd(P) pwd(P)
NAME
pwd - return working directory name
SYNOPSIS
pwd [-L | -P ]
DESCRIPTION
The pwd utility shall write to standard output an abso-
lute pathname of the current working directory, which
does not contain the filenames dot or dot-dot.
OPTIONS
The pwd utility shall conform to the Base Definitions
volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility
Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported by the imple-
mentation:
-L If the PWD environment variable contains an abso-
lute pathname of the current directory that does
not contain the filenames dot or dot-dot, pwd
shall write this pathname to standard output.
Otherwise, the -L option shall behave as the -P
option.
-P The absolute pathname written shall not contain
filenames that, in the context of the pathname,
refer to files of type symbolic link.
If both -L and -P are specified, the last one shall
apply. If neither -L nor -P is specified, the pwd util-
ity shall behave as if -L had been specified.
OPERANDS
None.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the
execution of pwd:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
tion variables that are unset or null. (See the
Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for
the precedence of internationalization variables
used to determine the values of locale cate-
gories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the
values of all the other internationalization
variables.
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to
affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
sages written to standard error.
NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for
the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
PWD If the -P option is in effect, this variable
shall be set to an absolute pathname of the cur-
rent working directory that does not contain any
components that specify symbolic links, does not
contain any components that are dot, and does not
contain any components that are dot-dot. If an
application sets or unsets the value of PWD , the
behavior of pwd is unspecified.
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
The pwd utility output is an absolute pathname of the
current working directory:
"%s\n", <directory pathname>
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic
messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 Successful completion.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
If an error is detected, output shall not be written to
standard output, a diagnostic message shall be written
to standard error, and the exit status is not zero.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
None.
EXAMPLES
None.
RATIONALE
Some implementations have historically provided pwd as a
shell special built-in command.
In most utilities, if an error occurs, partial output
may be written to standard output. This does not happen
in historical implementations of pwd. Because pwd is
frequently used in historical shell scripts without
checking the exit status, it is important that the his-
torical behavior is required here; therefore, the CONSE-
QUENCES OF ERRORS section specifically disallows any
partial output being written to standard output.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
cd , the System Interfaces volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, getcwd()
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition,
Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be
obtained online at http://www.open-
group.org/unix/online.html .
POSIX 2003 pwd(P)
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