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+chgrp(P)                                               chgrp(P)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+       chgrp - change the file group ownership
+
+SYNOPSIS
+       chgrp [-hR] group file ...
+
+       chgrp -R [-H | -L | -P ] group file ...
+
+
+DESCRIPTION
+       The  chgrp  utility  shall  set the group ID of the file
+       named by each file operand to the group ID specified  by
+       the group operand.
+
+       For  each  file  operand,  or, if the -R option is used,
+       each file encountered while walking the directory  trees
+       specified  by the file operands, the chgrp utility shall
+       perform  actions  equivalent  to  the  chown()  function
+       defined    in    the   System   Interfaces   volume   of
+       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, called with  the  following  argu-
+       ments:
+
+              The  file operand shall be used as the path argu-
+              ment.
+
+              The user ID of the file  shall  be  used  as  the
+              owner argument.
+
+              The specified group ID shall be used as the group
+              argument.
+
+       Unless chgrp is invoked by a  process  with  appropriate
+       privileges,  the  set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of a
+       regular file shall be cleared  upon  successful  comple-
+       tion;  the  set-user-ID  and  set-group-ID bits of other
+       file types may be cleared.
+
+OPTIONS
+       The chgrp utility shall conform to the Base  Definitions
+       volume  of  IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,  Section 12.2, Utility
+       Syntax Guidelines.
+
+       The following options shall be supported by  the  imple-
+       mentation:
+
+       -h     If  the  system  supports  group IDs for symbolic
+              links, for each file operand that names a file of
+              type  symbolic  link,  chgrp shall attempt to set
+              the group ID of the symbolic link instead of  the
+              file referenced by the symbolic link. If the sys-
+              tem does  not  support  group  IDs  for  symbolic
+              links, for each file operand that names a file of
+              type symbolic link, chgrp shall do  nothing  more
+              with  the  current  file  and  shall go on to any
+              remaining files.
+
+       -H     If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link
+              referencing a file of type directory is specified
+              on the command line, chgrp shall change the group
+              of  the directory referenced by the symbolic link
+              and all files in the file hierarchy below it.
+
+       -L     If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link
+              referencing a file of type directory is specified
+              on the command line  or  encountered  during  the
+              traversal of a file hierarchy, chgrp shall change
+              the group of the directory referenced by the sym-
+              bolic  link  and  all files in the file hierarchy
+              below it.
+
+       -P     If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link
+              is  specified  on the command line or encountered
+              during the traversal of a file  hierarchy,  chgrp
+              shall change the group ID of the symbolic link if
+              the system supports  this  operation.  The  chgrp
+              utility shall not follow the symbolic link to any
+              other part of the file hierarchy.
+
+       -R     Recursively change file group IDs. For each  file
+              operand  that  names  a  directory,  chgrp  shall
+              change the group of the directory and  all  files
+              in  the file hierarchy below it. Unless a -H, -L,
+              or -P option  is  specified,  it  is  unspecified
+              which  of  these  options  will  be  used  as the
+              default.
+
+
+       Specifying  more  than  one  of  the  mutually-exclusive
+       options -H, -L, and -P shall not be considered an error.
+       The last option specified shall determine  the  behavior
+       of the utility.
+
+OPERANDS
+       The following operands shall be supported:
+
+       group  A group name from the group database or a numeric
+              group ID. Either specifies a group ID to be given
+              to  each  file named by one of the file operands.
+              If a numeric group operand exists  in  the  group
+              database  as  a  group  name, the group ID number
+              associated with that group name is  used  as  the
+              group ID.
+
+       file   A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be mod-
+              ified.
+
+
+STDIN
+       Not used.
+
+INPUT FILES
+       None.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+       The following environment  variables  shall  affect  the
+       execution of chgrp:
+
+       LANG   Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
+              tion variables that are unset or null.  (See  the
+              Base  Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+              Section 8.2, Internationalization  Variables  for
+              the  precedence of internationalization variables
+              used to determine  the  values  of  locale  cate-
+              gories.)
+
+       LC_ALL If  set to a non-empty string value, override the
+              values  of  all  the  other  internationalization
+              variables.
+
+       LC_CTYPE
+              Determine  the  locale  for the interpretation of
+              sequences of bytes of  text  data  as  characters
+              (for  example,  single-byte  as opposed to multi-
+              byte characters in arguments).
+
+       LC_MESSAGES
+              Determine the  locale  that  should  be  used  to
+              affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
+              sages written to standard error.
+
+       NLSPATH
+              Determine the location of  message  catalogs  for
+              the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
+
+
+ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+       Default.
+
+STDOUT
+       Not used.
+
+STDERR
+       The  standard  error  shall  be used only for diagnostic
+       messages.
+
+OUTPUT FILES
+       None.
+
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+       None.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+       The following exit values shall be returned:
+
+        0     The  utility  executed   successfully   and   all
+              requested changes were made.
+
+       >0     An error occurred.
+
+
+CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+       Default.
+
+       The following sections are informative.
+
+APPLICATION USAGE
+       Only  the  owner  of a file or the user with appropriate
+       privileges may change the owner or group of a file.
+
+       Some implementations restrict the use of chgrp to a user
+       with  appropriate privileges when the group specified is
+       not the effective group ID or one of  the  supplementary
+       group IDs of the calling process.
+
+EXAMPLES
+       None.
+
+RATIONALE
+       The  System V and BSD versions use different exit status
+       codes. Some implementations used the exit  status  as  a
+       count  of the number of errors that occurred; this prac-
+       tice is unworkable since it can overflow  the  range  of
+       valid  exit status values. The standard developers chose
+       to mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as  exit  val-
+       ues.
+
+       The  functionality  of  chgrp is described substantially
+       through references to chown(). In this way, there is  no
+       duplication of effort required for describing the inter-
+       actions of permissions, multiple groups, and so on.
+
+FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+       None.
+
+SEE ALSO
+       chmod() , chown() ,  the  System  Interfaces  volume  of
+       IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, chown()
+
+COPYRIGHT
+       Portions  of  this  text are reprinted and reproduced in
+       electronic form from  IEEE  Std  1003.1,  2003  Edition,
+       Standard  for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
+       ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
+       fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
+       tute of Electrical and Electronics  Engineers,  Inc  and
+       The  Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
+       this version and the original IEEE and  The  Open  Group
+       Standard,  the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+       is the referee document. The original  Standard  can  be
+       obtained        online        at        http://www.open-
+       group.org/unix/online.html .
+
+
+
+POSIX                         2003                     chgrp(P)