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chgrp(P) chgrp(P)
NAME
chgrp - change the file group ownership
SYNOPSIS
chgrp [-hR] group file ...
chgrp -R [-H | -L | -P ] group file ...
DESCRIPTION
The chgrp utility shall set the group ID of the file
named by each file operand to the group ID specified by
the group operand.
For each file operand, or, if the -R option is used,
each file encountered while walking the directory trees
specified by the file operands, the chgrp utility shall
perform actions equivalent to the chown() function
defined in the System Interfaces volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, called with the following argu-
ments:
The file operand shall be used as the path argu-
ment.
The user ID of the file shall be used as the
owner argument.
The specified group ID shall be used as the group
argument.
Unless chgrp is invoked by a process with appropriate
privileges, the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of a
regular file shall be cleared upon successful comple-
tion; the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of other
file types may be cleared.
OPTIONS
The chgrp utility shall conform to the Base Definitions
volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility
Syntax Guidelines.
The following options shall be supported by the imple-
mentation:
-h If the system supports group IDs for symbolic
links, for each file operand that names a file of
type symbolic link, chgrp shall attempt to set
the group ID of the symbolic link instead of the
file referenced by the symbolic link. If the sys-
tem does not support group IDs for symbolic
links, for each file operand that names a file of
type symbolic link, chgrp shall do nothing more
with the current file and shall go on to any
remaining files.
-H If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link
referencing a file of type directory is specified
on the command line, chgrp shall change the group
of the directory referenced by the symbolic link
and all files in the file hierarchy below it.
-L If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link
referencing a file of type directory is specified
on the command line or encountered during the
traversal of a file hierarchy, chgrp shall change
the group of the directory referenced by the sym-
bolic link and all files in the file hierarchy
below it.
-P If the -R option is specified and a symbolic link
is specified on the command line or encountered
during the traversal of a file hierarchy, chgrp
shall change the group ID of the symbolic link if
the system supports this operation. The chgrp
utility shall not follow the symbolic link to any
other part of the file hierarchy.
-R Recursively change file group IDs. For each file
operand that names a directory, chgrp shall
change the group of the directory and all files
in the file hierarchy below it. Unless a -H, -L,
or -P option is specified, it is unspecified
which of these options will be used as the
default.
Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive
options -H, -L, and -P shall not be considered an error.
The last option specified shall determine the behavior
of the utility.
OPERANDS
The following operands shall be supported:
group A group name from the group database or a numeric
group ID. Either specifies a group ID to be given
to each file named by one of the file operands.
If a numeric group operand exists in the group
database as a group name, the group ID number
associated with that group name is used as the
group ID.
file A pathname of a file whose group ID is to be mod-
ified.
STDIN
Not used.
INPUT FILES
None.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
The following environment variables shall affect the
execution of chgrp:
LANG Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
tion variables that are unset or null. (See the
Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for
the precedence of internationalization variables
used to determine the values of locale cate-
gories.)
LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the
values of all the other internationalization
variables.
LC_CTYPE
Determine the locale for the interpretation of
sequences of bytes of text data as characters
(for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-
byte characters in arguments).
LC_MESSAGES
Determine the locale that should be used to
affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
sages written to standard error.
NLSPATH
Determine the location of message catalogs for
the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
Default.
STDOUT
Not used.
STDERR
The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic
messages.
OUTPUT FILES
None.
EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
None.
EXIT STATUS
The following exit values shall be returned:
0 The utility executed successfully and all
requested changes were made.
>0 An error occurred.
CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
Default.
The following sections are informative.
APPLICATION USAGE
Only the owner of a file or the user with appropriate
privileges may change the owner or group of a file.
Some implementations restrict the use of chgrp to a user
with appropriate privileges when the group specified is
not the effective group ID or one of the supplementary
group IDs of the calling process.
EXAMPLES
None.
RATIONALE
The System V and BSD versions use different exit status
codes. Some implementations used the exit status as a
count of the number of errors that occurred; this prac-
tice is unworkable since it can overflow the range of
valid exit status values. The standard developers chose
to mask these by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit val-
ues.
The functionality of chgrp is described substantially
through references to chown(). In this way, there is no
duplication of effort required for describing the inter-
actions of permissions, multiple groups, and so on.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS
None.
SEE ALSO
chmod() , chown() , the System Interfaces volume of
IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, chown()
COPYRIGHT
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition,
Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
is the referee document. The original Standard can be
obtained online at http://www.open-
group.org/unix/online.html .
POSIX 2003 chgrp(P)
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