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+TAIL(1) User Commands TAIL(1)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+ tail - output the last part of files
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output.
+ With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giv-
+ ing the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -,
+ read standard input.
+
+ Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for
+ short options too.
+
+ --retry
+ keep trying to open a file even if it is inacces-
+ sible when tail starts or if it becomes inacces-
+ sible later; useful when following by name, i.e.,
+ with --follow=name
+
+ -c, --bytes=N
+ output the last N bytes
+
+ -f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
+ output appended data as the file grows; -f,
+ --follow, and --follow=descriptor are equivalent
+
+ -F same as --follow=name --retry
+
+ -n, --lines=N
+ output the last N lines, instead of the last 10
+
+ --max-unchanged-stats=N
+ with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not
+ changed size after N (default 5) iterations to
+ see if it has been unlinked or renamed (this is
+ the usual case of rotated log files)
+
+ --pid=PID
+ with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
+
+ -q, --quiet, --silent
+ never output headers giving file names
+
+ -s, --sleep-interval=S
+ with -f, sleep for approximately S seconds
+ (default 1.0) between iterations.
+
+ -v, --verbose
+ always output headers giving file names
+
+ --help display this help and exit
+
+ --version
+ output version information and exit
+
+ If the first character of N (the number of bytes or
+ lines) is a `+', print beginning with the Nth item from
+ the start of each file, otherwise, print the last N
+ items in the file. N may have a multiplier suffix: b
+ 512, k 1024, m 1024*1024.
+
+ With --follow (-f), tail defaults to following the file
+ descriptor, which means that even if a tail'ed file is
+ renamed, tail will continue to track its end. This
+ default behavior is not desirable when you really want
+ to track the actual name of the file, not the file
+ descriptor (e.g., log rotation). Use --follow=name in
+ that case. That causes tail to track the named file by
+ reopening it periodically to see if it has been removed
+ and recreated by some other program.
+
+AUTHOR
+ Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Ian Lance Tay-
+ lor, and Jim Meyering.
+
+REPORTING BUGS
+ Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.
+
+COPYRIGHT
+ Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ This is free software; see the source for copying condi-
+ tions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABIL-
+ ITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+
+SEE ALSO
+ The full documentation for tail is maintained as a Tex-
+ info manual. If the info and tail programs are properly
+ installed at your site, the command
+
+ info tail
+
+ should give you access to the complete manual.
+
+
+
+tail 5.3.0 December 2004 TAIL(1)