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+pwd(P) pwd(P)
+
+
+
+
+
+NAME
+ pwd - return working directory name
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ pwd [-L | -P ]
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ The pwd utility shall write to standard output an abso-
+ lute pathname of the current working directory, which
+ does not contain the filenames dot or dot-dot.
+
+OPTIONS
+ The pwd utility shall conform to the Base Definitions
+ volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility
+ Syntax Guidelines.
+
+ The following options shall be supported by the imple-
+ mentation:
+
+ -L If the PWD environment variable contains an abso-
+ lute pathname of the current directory that does
+ not contain the filenames dot or dot-dot, pwd
+ shall write this pathname to standard output.
+ Otherwise, the -L option shall behave as the -P
+ option.
+
+ -P The absolute pathname written shall not contain
+ filenames that, in the context of the pathname,
+ refer to files of type symbolic link.
+
+
+ If both -L and -P are specified, the last one shall
+ apply. If neither -L nor -P is specified, the pwd util-
+ ity shall behave as if -L had been specified.
+
+OPERANDS
+ None.
+
+STDIN
+ Not used.
+
+INPUT FILES
+ None.
+
+ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+ The following environment variables shall affect the
+ execution of pwd:
+
+ LANG Provide a default value for the internationaliza-
+ tion variables that are unset or null. (See the
+ Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001,
+ Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for
+ the precedence of internationalization variables
+ used to determine the values of locale cate-
+ gories.)
+
+ LC_ALL If set to a non-empty string value, override the
+ values of all the other internationalization
+ variables.
+
+ LC_MESSAGES
+ Determine the locale that should be used to
+ affect the format and contents of diagnostic mes-
+ sages written to standard error.
+
+ NLSPATH
+ Determine the location of message catalogs for
+ the processing of LC_MESSAGES .
+
+ PWD If the -P option is in effect, this variable
+ shall be set to an absolute pathname of the cur-
+ rent working directory that does not contain any
+ components that specify symbolic links, does not
+ contain any components that are dot, and does not
+ contain any components that are dot-dot. If an
+ application sets or unsets the value of PWD , the
+ behavior of pwd is unspecified.
+
+
+ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+ Default.
+
+STDOUT
+ The pwd utility output is an absolute pathname of the
+ current working directory:
+
+
+ "%s\n", <directory pathname>
+
+STDERR
+ The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic
+ messages.
+
+OUTPUT FILES
+ None.
+
+EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+ None.
+
+EXIT STATUS
+ The following exit values shall be returned:
+
+ 0 Successful completion.
+
+ >0 An error occurred.
+
+
+CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+ If an error is detected, output shall not be written to
+ standard output, a diagnostic message shall be written
+ to standard error, and the exit status is not zero.
+
+ The following sections are informative.
+
+APPLICATION USAGE
+ None.
+
+EXAMPLES
+ None.
+
+RATIONALE
+ Some implementations have historically provided pwd as a
+ shell special built-in command.
+
+ In most utilities, if an error occurs, partial output
+ may be written to standard output. This does not happen
+ in historical implementations of pwd. Because pwd is
+ frequently used in historical shell scripts without
+ checking the exit status, it is important that the his-
+ torical behavior is required here; therefore, the CONSE-
+ QUENCES OF ERRORS section specifically disallows any
+ partial output being written to standard output.
+
+FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+ None.
+
+SEE ALSO
+ cd , the System Interfaces volume of
+ IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, getcwd()
+
+COPYRIGHT
+ Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in
+ electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition,
+ Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operat-
+ ing System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Speci-
+ fications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Insti-
+ tute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and
+ The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between
+ this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group
+ Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+ is the referee document. The original Standard can be
+ obtained online at http://www.open-
+ group.org/unix/online.html .
+
+
+
+POSIX 2003 pwd(P)